Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the role of surface functional groups on the adsorption capacity of carbon nanomaterials in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Surface functionalization plays a crucial role in altering the physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials, thereby influencing their adsorption performance. Functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups can significantly enhance adsorption capacity by increasing the surface area, creating favorable binding sites, and altering surface polarity. Studies have shown that the type, density, and distribution of these functional groups on carbon nanomaterials directly affect their adsorption efficiency towards various contaminants including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and dyes. Furthermore, the synergistic effects between different functional groups and their interactions with target molecules further contribute to the enhanced adsorption performance of functionalized carbon nanomaterials. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of surface functionalization, theory of adsorption mechanisms and theory of surface reactivity may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the role of surface functional groups on the adsorption capacity of carbon nanomaterials in Nigeria. Develop tailored functionalization strategies based on specific adsorption applications and target contaminants. Advocate for the development of standardized protocols for assessing the performance and safety of functionalized carbon nanomaterials in adsorption applications.
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