Role of Shear Wave Elastography of Thyroid Gland in Children With Newly Diagnosed Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Preliminary Study.

Abstract

The data on the use of shear wave elastography (SWE) in children with thyroid disorders is limited. We aimed to assess the role of SWE in the evaluation of the thyroid gland in children newly diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The thyroid gland was evaluated in 18 children (5 boys and 13 girls, age range: 5-12 years) with newly diagnosed HT and 27 (21 boys and 6 girls, age range: 4-12 years) healthy controls using grayscale ultrasound followed by SWE. The values of SWE (in kPa) were compared between cases and controls and were also correlated with various demographic variables and serum thyroid hormone concentrations. The overall median of SWE values in cases and controls was 20.6kPa (IQR=19.16-26.94) and 10.7kPa (IQR=9.9-16.32), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (W=438.5, P < .001). There was a moderate positive correlation between serum triiodothyronine concentrations and SWE (ρ=0.57, P=.016) and a moderate negative correlation between serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations and SWE (ρ=-0.54, P=.020). A significant difference (W=61.0, P=.003) was also seen in median SWE of the thyroid gland between boys (median: 29.63 kPa, IQR=27.53-32.88) and girls (median: 19.43 kPa, IQR=18.88-21.32). There is a significant difference between SWE values of thyroid in normal children and children with newly diagnosed HT. Hence, SWE may be used as a noninvasive imaging technique in distinguishing normal and abnormal thyroid gland at an early stage. We suggest larger studies to confirm our preliminary findings of SWE in pediatric HT.