Abstract
The role of non-stoichiometry and soft chemistry in the preparation of advanced catalysts is discussed analysing some relevant examples of (i) different classes of catalytic materials based on complex oxides (spinel-, perovskite-, rutile-, and scheelite-type structures) after a brief introduction on the role of solid-state and non-stoichiometry for the synthesis of new materials and (ii) soft routes for the preparation of mixed oxides (topochemical reactions, intercalation, sol-gel-methods). It is shown that the catalytic behaviour is often associated with the presence of a defect structure in which non-stoichiometry alters bulk and surface properties creating new structural geometries or stabilizing unusual coordination or valence states of metal ions. The creation of these functional properties is strictly related to the possibility of synthesis by soft chemistry routes.
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