Role of Non-Mesh Grafts in Surgical Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Abstract

Stress urinary incontinence refers to a multifactorial disease characterized by involuntary urination associated with a sudden increase in intra­abdominal pressure. Millions of females around the world suffer from stress incontinence each year. Conservative methods of treatment and physical rehabilitation are considered to be ineffective, thereby driving the need for surgical treatment. Sling surgeries comprise a widely used surgical technique for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence due to their affordability and minimal time investment. Introduction of synthetic polypropylene mesh prostheses in the treatment of stress incontinence made them the most common material. However, the accumulated experience and complications associated with the use of mesh grafts contribute to the recent decline in the popularity of synthetic slings and give rise to the search for and development of alternative materials for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Since the need for treatment of urinary incontinence remains high, fascia autograft surgeries have been proposed, even though they require an additional surgical procedure and expose the patient to complications at the donor site of the graft. In addition, surgeons use allografts and xenografts, and regenerative technology is developing in this field. Considering high social significance of this problem, the present paper is aimed at reviewing the scientific literature concerning grafts for the treatment of stress incontinence.