Abstract
The nanoscale structure of ferrite in a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel weld metal (fabricated with grade 2209 filler wire) aged at 400 °C was characterized via scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy through the Super-XTM detector; the results were compared with those of a corresponding grade base metal (2205). The weld metal-ferrite exhibited a more pronounced spinodal decomposition than the base metal-ferrite because of its higher Ni content. Moreover, the presence of Ni-rich solute clusters with a body-centered-cubic structure was notably evident in the weld metal-ferrite. The investigation of the precipitation hardening mechanism using the Ardell model confirmed that, besides the extended spinodal decomposition, Ni-rich solute clusters significantly contributed to the improved age hardening performance of the weld metal-ferrite in the 22% Cr duplex stainless steel.
Published Version
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