Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to assess the association of morphometry of the placenta and birth weight of fetus in hypertensive mothers. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 74 pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and those with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The following morphometric parameters of each placenta were recorded: weight, volume, thickness, transverse diameter, and shape. Gestational age of mothers, sex and birth weight of newborns were recorded. Results: The majority of male babies with weight > 2500 grams had > 37 weeks of gestational age and the majority of female babies with weight >2500 grams had >37 weeks of gestational age. The mean weight of placentae in male babies was 416.7 grams, the mean surface area was 226.5 sq cm, mean volume was 372.2 ml and mean thickness were 2.04 cm. while the mean weight of placentae in female babies was 407.5 grams, the mean surface area was 220.4 sq cm, mean volume was 354.6 ml and mean thickness was 2.10 cm. Statistics show that the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining the low birth weight of babies in hypertensive mothers was seen with a surface area of the placenta which was 82.3% and 75.6% respectively. The positive predictive value for the weight of the placenta was 65.4%, for the surface area it was 67.8% and for the volume of the placenta, it was 64.2%. Conclusion: To conclude, it was found that placental morphometry like weight, surface area, volume and sex of the baby determined the birth weight efficiently in hypertensive mothers.
Highlights
The term placenta was derived from the flat cake in Latin. [1] The placenta represents a fusion of uterine mucosa to fetal membranes for the transfer of oxygen and other metabolic products between fetal and maternal blood. [2] It helps in supplying oxygen, nutrients and protection to the fetus beside it’s endocrine and secretory function. [1,3,4,5] One of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is pregnancy-induced hypertension
[Figure 1] Shows that measurements of placental morphometry: mean weight, mean surface area, mean volume, and mean thickness of placenta in male babies were higher compared to the similar measurement of the placenta in female babies
[Table 3] Statistics show that the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining the low birth weight of babies in hypertensive mothers was seen with a surface area of the placenta which was 82.3% and 75.6% respectively
Summary
The term placenta was derived from the flat cake in Latin. [1] The placenta represents a fusion of uterine mucosa to fetal membranes for the transfer of oxygen and other metabolic products between fetal and maternal blood. [2] It helps in supplying oxygen, nutrients and protection to the fetus beside it’s endocrine and secretory function. [1,3,4,5] One of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is pregnancy-induced hypertension. [1,3,4,5] One of the major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality is pregnancy-induced hypertension This specific disorder was recognized since the time of Hippocrates and until now delivery of the placenta remains the only completely successful therapy. The outcome of pregnancy depends on the morphometry of the placenta, and its ability to transfer nutrients, gases, waste products, heat, hormones, and other regulatory molecules. It prevents the rejection of the fetal allograft. The changes in the chorionic surface area affect the birth weight of babies. Total correlation between morphometry of the placenta and birth weight of the fetus
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