Role of microRNA and Oxidative Stress in Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis.

Md Mamunul Haque,Jun-Seok Lee,Dhiraj P Murale

doi:10.3390/ijms21238962

Md Mamunul Haque, Jun-Seok Lee + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238962

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate diverse cellular pathways by controlling gene expression. Increasing evidence has revealed their critical involvement in influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenesis. Host–IAV interactions induce different levels of oxidative stress (OS) by disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant factors. It is thought that miRNA may regulate the expression of ROS; conversely, ROS can induce or suppress miRNA expression during IAV infection. Thus, miRNA and OS are the two key factors of IAV infection and pathogenesis. Accordingly, interactions between OS and miRNA during IAV infection might be a critical area for further research. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between miRNAs and OS during IAV infection. Additionally, we highlight the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IAV infections. This knowledge will help us to study host–virus interactions with novel intervention strategies.

Highlights

More than 85% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA transcripts, whereas just approximately
The interaction is governed by a variety of mechanisms that affect the proliferation or elimination of infected cells, where host cell factors play a vital role. miRNA is one of the factors that has been discovered as differentially expressed upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection
Some of the miRNAs directly regulate host immune responses while some modulate viral replication and gene expression. These miRNA expressions and viral pathogeneses are linked with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is another critical host factor and concerns maintaining the balance between the oxidants and antioxidants in order to maintain cell homeostasis