Abstract
Mass vaccination campaigns play major roles in the war against epidemics. Such prevention strategies cannot always reach their goals significantly without the help of media and awareness campaigns used to prevent contacts between susceptible and infected people. Feelings of fear, infodemics, and misconception could lead to some fluctuations of such policies. In addition to the vaccination strategy, the movement restriction approach is essential because of the factor of mobility or travel. However, anti-epidemic border measures may also be disturbed if some infected travelers manage to escape and infiltrate into a safer region. In this paper, we aim to study infection dynamics related to the spatial spread of an epidemic in interconnected regions in the presence of random perturbations caused by the three above-mentioned reasons. Therefore, we devise a stochastic multi-region epidemic model in which contacts between susceptible and infected populations, vaccination-based and movement restriction optimal control approaches are all assumed to be unpredictable, and then, we discuss the effectiveness of such policies. In order to reach our goal, we employ a stochastic maximum principle version for noised systems, state and prove the sufficient and necessary conditions of optimality, and finally provide the numerical results obtained using a stochastic progressive-regressive schemes method.
Highlights
Media plays a tremendous role in mounting awareness among susceptible populations in an attempt to reduce their contact with infection
We show the importance of following an optimal control strategy that is based on movement restrictions along with the presence of the vaccination policy discussed previously
We take the example of preventing the epidemic from arriving at the region Ω1 through infected travelers who come from other regions
Summary
Media plays a tremendous role in mounting awareness among susceptible populations in an attempt to reduce their contact with infection. It has the potential of generating a psychological impact on the social conduct, as explained in [1,2,3]. Because of contradictory views and unreliable and misleading information diffused by some Internet users, people become confused and fearful In such circumstances, the role of media is essential, and journalists with scientists are obliged to report and exhibit concrete and convincing proof = about the nature of the epidemic and should explain the reasons for control interventions led by health authorities [9]. We try to focus on rumors that can prevent a large portion of the population from being informed about the necessity of following an urgent anti-epidemic measure, namely vaccination
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