Abstract
This study investigates the role of local water institutions in water resource management in the Sanya-Kware sub-catchment of the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from a sample of 96 traditional furrow committee members representing 20 villages across highland, midland, and lowland zones. The research examines the contributions and limitations of traditional furrow committees and their interactions with newly established Water User Associations (WUAs). Results reveal that traditional institutions, deeply rooted in cultural norms, provide effective localized solutions for water allocation and conflict resolution. However, they face challenges such as limited adherence to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles, lack of legal enforcement, and insufficient capacity for financial and administrative management. Overlapping roles between traditional and formal institutions often lead to conflicts, especially during periods of water scarcity. Despite these challenges, traditional furrow committees remain resilient, effectively managing water resources through collective action and culturally embedded practices. Large-scale irrigators and other stakeholders who engaged with these traditional systems reported better outcomes in water sharing and conflict resolution. The findings highlight the need for a balanced governance framework that integrates the strengths of traditional institutions with formal mechanisms to enhance water resource management. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of capacity-building, legal recognition, and structured collaboration to ensure equitable and sustainable water governance in sub-catchment areas.
Published Version
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