Abstract
In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and pulsed electric field (PEF) were used as innovative approaches to recover extracts from rainbow trout and sole side streams rich in high-added-value compounds. Then, after aseptic filtration, the impact of the obtained extracts on bacterial growth and anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated. Moreover, the protein content and the total antioxidant capacity of the samples were determined. The results showed that some extracts could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, including the ASE rainbow trout skin and the PEF sole viscera extracts, which showed significant antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus. The PEF sole viscera extract also showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella. In addition, some extracts promoted probiotic bacteria growth. For example, the PEF rainbow trout head and skin extracts promoted Lactobacillus casei growth, while the ASE rainbow trout head and skin extracts promoted Bifidobacterium lactis growth. In addition, some samples, such as the ASE rainbow trout viscera and the PEF sole skin extracts had interesting anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the use of ASE and PEF can be considered as useful strategies to recover antimicrobial, prebiotic and anti-inflammatory extracts from rainbow trout and sole side streams, although it is necessary to evaluate each specific side stream.
Highlights
Over the last decades, growing attention has been paid to the development of natural and alternative antibiotics, especially due to the large use of the traditional ones, which has led to an increase in drug-resistant bacteria [1]
The impact of the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) extraction conditions on the recovery of protein from the rainbow trout was even stronger than the pattern found for the sole samples
From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that pulsed electric field (PEF) and ASE may be used as useful alternative approaches in recovering extracts with antimicrobial, prebiotic and anti-inflammatory properties
Summary
Over the last decades, growing attention has been paid to the development of natural and alternative antibiotics, especially due to the large use of the traditional ones, which has led to an increase in drug-resistant bacteria [1]. Food safety problems caused by food-borne pathogens are of concern for consumers, which has led researchers to urgently seek new natural antibacterial compounds from food and side streams [2]. Marine species in the oceans are an interesting potential source of these antimicrobial compounds [3,4]. In the industrial processing of fish, each ton of fish processed produces ≈ 350–600 kg of waste, including head, viscera, bones and so on [5,6]. These side stream by-products may be used as fertilizers, livestock feeds or directly discarded. The high-value-added bioactive compounds in the side streams have not been utilized very well, causing a waste of resources [7]
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