Abstract
One of the major tools for the implementation of low carbon strategy goals is increasing the penetration of renewable sources, which are mostly intermittent in nature, into the power system that also increases the needs for additional storage and flexibility capacity in the system. Among other possible solutions, one very most promising tool is the significant electrification of the transport sector. A slightly modified and already verified power system model used for Croatian low-carbon strategy was used here. The PLEXOS software was used to model the Croatian power system by simulating different scenarios. Two scenarios were examined: with and without electric vehicles. This research aimed to evaluate the total decrease in CO2 emissions from both the transport and power sectors due to the increased number of electrical vehicles. The analysis of the Croatian power system was used to assess the flexibility potential of such a large number of electrical vehicles on power system flexibility while considering the volatile nature of wind and solar. Additionally, a question regarding solar availability and simultaneous low-availability of parked electrical vehicles was also examined.
Highlights
The usage of fossil fuels for mobility purposes significantly contributes to the total CO2 emissions
The European Council agreed on the Climate and Energy Framework of 2030 in October 2014 [4] with specific targets for 2030: to decrease CO2 emissions by 40%, to increase renewable energy source (RESs) penetration level by 32%, and to reduce energy consumption by 32.5%
The results suggested that in the 2050, the additional consumption of electricity imposed by Electric vehicles (EVs) will result in slightly higher CO2 emissions when compared to the non-EV scenario
Summary
The usage of fossil fuels for mobility purposes significantly contributes to the total CO2 emissions (greenhouse gases—GHG). Regarding the European Union (EU) transport sector, its share in final energy consumption is around 33% [1], and the transport sector contributes around 23% to the total greenhouse gas emissions [2]. As a new member of EU, Croatia has been obliged to match targets regarding the reduction of GHGs. In addition, in accordance with international and EU legislative frameworks, Croatia is obliged to create a national low-carbon strategy. The European Council agreed on the Climate and Energy Framework of 2030 in October 2014 [4] with specific targets for 2030: to decrease CO2 emissions by 40%, to increase renewable energy source (RESs) penetration level by 32%, and to reduce energy consumption by 32.5%.
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