Abstract
The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodeling complex enables glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) to function correctly and is engaged in inflammation response. The SWI/SNF may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to assess the following: 1) the gene and protein expression of the SWI/SNF complex subunits in sinonasal mucosa; 2) relation of SWI/SNF complex and VDR expression; and 3) correlation with clinical data. The study population consisted of 52 subjects with CRS without nasal polyps, 55 with CRS with nasal polyps and 59 controls. The SWI/SNF protein expression level was analyzed in immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) was stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and vitamin D3 (vitD3) in vitro. The transcript level of the SWI/SNF subunits was measured with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the control group, the intensity of the IHC staining for SWI/SNF subunits was significantly higher than in both groups of patients with CRS (p < 0.05). A positive correlation of the SWI/SNF protein expression was noticed with VDR expression level (p < 0.043). Association between SWI/SNF protein expression level and allergy, neutrophils and body mass index (BMI) has been observed (p < 0.05). The decreased transcript level of the SWI/SNF subunits genes in HNECs was observed after LPS stimulation and increased after vitD3 stimulation. The SWI/SNF complex may influence CRS through steroid hormone signaling and VDR. Thus, modification in therapy may be mandatory in patients with CRS and altered SWI/SNF signaling, reflecting resistance to steroids treatment.
Highlights
The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodeling complex enables glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) to function correctly and is engaged in inflammation response
The strength of this study is that it included an analysis of a large group of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without polyps compared to CG
We proved the significant differences in the protein expression of the SWI/SNF subunits in the sinonasal mucosa between the groups
Summary
The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodeling complex enables glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) to function correctly and is engaged in inflammation response. The SWI/SNF may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by symptomatic inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Its prevalence is estimated at 14% in the American and 10.9% in the European population, and it is one of the most common human chronic diseases.[1,2]. The CRS is typically classified in 2 phenotypes including CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Symptoms in CRSwNP are associated more closely with clinical complaints of nasal obstruction and olfactory loss. CRSwNP tissues are characterized by more intense eosinophilic infiltration and a Th2-based cytokine profile. The CRSsNP tissues have been infiltrated mostly by neutrophils and Th1 cytokines. The distinct role of Th1/Th2 profiles in the subtypes of CRS gives rise to some controversy.[4]
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