Role of bumpy fields on single particle orbit in near quasihelically symmetric stellarators

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The role of symmetry breaking on single particle orbits in near helically symmetric stellarators is investigated. In particular, the effect of a symmetry-breaking bumpy term is included in the analysis of trapped particle orbits. It is found that all trapped particle drift orbits are determined by surfaces on which |B|min is constant. Trapped particle orbits reside on these surfaces regardless of pitch angle and are determined solely by the initial position and the shape of the |B|min contour. Since |B|min contours do not depend on the direction of the banana center motion, superbanana orbits do not appear.