Abstract
Abstract A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 increased pods plant-1, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-1, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-1 phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 and 130 kg ha-1, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.
Highlights
World wide food demands are increasing day by day, especially in developing countries, where crop lands and resources hardly contribute to an efficient crop production (Bargaz et al, 2018)
The yield is low in Pakistan because it is cultivated on marginal land with poor fertility status, the lack of proper crop nutrition and unavailability of beneficial microbes
Pods plant-1 and seeds pod-1 were measured by counting pods and seed pod-1 in five randomly selected plants in each subplot and averaged it respectively (Manaf et al, 2017)
Summary
World wide food demands are increasing day by day, especially in developing countries, where crop lands and resources hardly contribute to an efficient crop production (Bargaz et al, 2018). Using of beneficial microbes with fertilizers are integrated approaches to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers with the. The yield is low in Pakistan because it is cultivated on marginal land with poor fertility status, the lack of proper crop nutrition and unavailability of beneficial microbes. The application of nitrogen and phosphorous are essential for getting maximum crop production. Their inadequate and imbalance reduced the yield. Beneficial microbes enhance nutrient uptake, and regulate plant growth, improved photosynthetic efficiency nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to stress condition i.e (heat tolerance, resistance to insects and resistance to plant diseases) (Calabi-Floody et al, 2018)
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