Abstract
Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), a disorder in acid-base balance in the kidney is characterized by loss of bicarbonate ions in urine. One of its causes is the production of free radicals by cisplatin (CP). Therefore, the protective effects of silymarin and bee pollen as antioxidant natural product treatments were evaluated against proximal RTA induced by CP in male albino rats. Rats were divided into 8 groups (7 rats each); control group, cisplatin group, bee pollen group, silymarin group, cisplatin then bee pollen group, cisplatin then silymarin group, bee pollen then cisplatin group and silymarin then cisplatin group. After 12 days (the experiment period), sera were used to determine kidney function parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatinine), protein parameters (total protein, albumin, and globulin), and blood glucose level. While anticoagulant was added to the blood to determine acid-base balance and hematological parameters. Silymarin and bee pollen improved the kidney dysfunction in the CP rats group through decreasing levels of kidney function parameters and increasing levels of serum proteins. They also returned the blood glucose level and the hematological parameters in the CP rats group to the normal values. While the acid-base balance parameters were ameliorated after using silymarin and bee pollen against CP nephrotoxicity. So, we conclude that silymarin and bee pollen can be used to ameliorate the proximal RTA and anemia induced by CP.
Highlights
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disorder in the acid-base balance in which the kidney loses its ability to excrete enough acid or reabsorb enough bicarbonate (HCO3-) resulting in metabolic acidosis (Soleimani and Rastegar, 2016)
In type 2 RTA, most bicarbonate ions are lost in urine due to the inability of proximal tubule to reabsorb them from the glomerular filtrate (Yaxley and Pirrone, 2016)
One of the causes of proximal RTA is taking drugs that have a toxic effect on the proximal tubules (Hall et al, 2014)
Summary
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disorder in the acid-base balance in which the kidney loses its ability to excrete enough acid or reabsorb enough bicarbonate (HCO3-) resulting in metabolic acidosis (Soleimani and Rastegar, 2016). In type 2 RTA, most bicarbonate ions are lost in urine due to the inability of proximal tubule to reabsorb them from the glomerular filtrate (Yaxley and Pirrone, 2016). One of the causes of proximal RTA is taking drugs that have a toxic effect on the proximal tubules (Hall et al, 2014). Cisplatin (anticancer drug, CP) is famous for its toxic effect on the proximal tubule (Kitterer et al, 2015). Silymarin and bee pollen are natural products rich in antioxidants and used in the treatment of many diseases (Kocot et al, 2018 and Abouzeinab, 2015).
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