Abstract
This paper presents examinations of the role of the bead sequence in underwater welding. Two specimens of wet welded layers made by covered electrodes with the use of normalized S355G10+N steel were welded by a reasonable bead sequence. For each specimen, metallographic macro- and micro-scopic tests were done. Then, Vickers HV10 hardness measurements were conducted for each pad weld in the welded layer. The results show that welding in the water environment carries many problems in the stability of the welding arc, which influences the properties of the welds. The effects of refining and tempering the structure in heat-affected zones of earlier laid beads was observed, which provides a reduction of hardness. The possibility of applying two techniques while welding the layer by the wet method is described. It is stated that a reasonable bead sequence can decrease the hardness in heat-affected zones up to 40 HV10. Tempering by heat from next beads can also change the microstructure in this area by tempering martensite and can decrease susceptibility to cold cracking.
Highlights
The most common method of underwater welding is wet welding
The most common is welding by covered electrodes, which is cheaper and easier [5,6]
The biggest problems are instability of the welding arc and limited visibility [7,8], which can result in poor quality of welded joints
Summary
The most common method of underwater welding is wet welding. The welder and the welding area are in direct contact with the surrounding environment. The process is often carried out by flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) [1,2,3,4]. The most common is welding by covered electrodes, which is cheaper and easier [5,6]. The water environment can generate significant problems during welding. The biggest problems are instability of the welding arc and limited visibility [7,8], which can result in poor quality of welded joints. From the metallurgical point of view, the high cooling rate, the high hydrogen content in deposited metal, and residual stresses have the greatest influence on the quality of underwater welded joints
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
