Abstract
In this paper, the experimental investigation results of the bead sequence input on geometry, structure, and hardness of surfaced layers after multi-pass weld surfacing are analyzed. Three S355 steel plates surfaced by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) were tested with three different combinations of six beads. The geometric, structural, and hardness analysis was carried out in the cross-section of the plates in the middle of the welded layers. The dimensions of padded layers, fusion and heat-affected zone, as well as the individual padded weld were evaluated. On the basis of metallographic samples, qualitative and quantitative structure analysis was performed. Hardness measurements in surfacing welds and heat-affected zones in the tested cross-sections of the surfacing layers were carried out. A comparative analysis of structure and hardness, taking into account the thermal implications of the bead sequence, allowed for the formulation of conclusions. Comparative studies have shown differences in properties between heat-affected zones (HAZ) for individual surfacing sequences. These differences were mainly in the dimensions of the surfacing layers, the share of structural components, as well as the uniformity of hardness distributions. Finally, the most favorable sequence in terms of structure and hardness distribution, maximum hardness, and range of hardness has been indicated.
Highlights
Multi-pass welding is widely used in industrial practice and is of interest to many researchers
The influence of three different combinations of six-bead sequences on the geometrical, structural, and hardness analysis of heat-affected zones in three S355 steel plates surfaced by GMAW
The numbers without asterisks indicate the order of the welds in the layers presented in Figure 2, whereas the numbers with asterisks indicate the order of the bead sequences
Summary
Multi-pass welding (joining, rebuilding, surfacing) is widely used in industrial practice and is of interest to many researchers. In the works [13,14,15,16,17,18] only the results of numerical analysis were presented for various sequences of beads in simulated states of strain (deformation) and stress in welded joints. There are relatively few works containing the numerical or experimental analysis of the influence of the surfacing bead sequence on the dimensions of heat-affected zones, structure, mechanical, or other properties [32,33]. The influence of three different combinations of six-bead sequences on the geometrical, structural, and hardness analysis of heat-affected zones in three S355 steel plates surfaced by GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) is analyzed. The results of the research allowed for the designation of further investigation directions
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