Abstract
The human CD10 antigen is a single pass, type II transmembrane, 100 kD cell surface glycoprotein belonging to peptidase M13 family. Identified in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a cancer specific antigen, CD10 is a cell surface ectoenzyme widely expressed on different types of cells. Earlier, it was used only as a cell surface marker to identify and differentiate between haematological malignancies. Later, reported to be present in various malignancies, it is thought to play significant role in cancer development and progression. Regulated expression of CD10 is necessary for angiogenesis and so forth. However its expression level is found to be deregulated in different cancers. In some cancers, it acts as tumor suppressor and inhibits tumor progression whereas in others it has tumor promoting tendency. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. This review summarises structural features, functions, and probable role of CD10 in cancer development.
Highlights
Cluster of differentiation CD10, neprilysin, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), enkephalinase, or EC 3.4.24.11 is a 90–110 kDa cell surface type II integral membrane protein of M13 family [1]
Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is expressed in early lymphoid progenitor stages showing immature phenotype that suggests its role in lymphoid cell development and differentiation
Further an expression level after chemotherapy correlates to poor clinical response and a decreased level shows complete or partial clinical response [27]; stromal CD10 expression significantly correlated with increasing tumor grade, mitotic rate, ER negativity, Her2neu positivity, and worse prognosis which suggests its role as a routine prechemotherapy marker in breast carcinoma [35]
Summary
Cluster of differentiation CD10, neprilysin, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), enkephalinase, or EC 3.4.24.11 is a 90–110 kDa cell surface type II integral membrane protein of M13 family [1]. Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is expressed in early lymphoid progenitor stages showing immature phenotype that suggests its role in lymphoid cell development and differentiation. Its presence on other cells suggests its varied biological role not restricted to haematological malignancies It acts by cleaving amino side peptide bonds of the hydrophobic amino acids causing inactivation of a range of physiologically active neuropeptides. Three-dimensional secondary structural model of CD10-enzyme shows presence of 400 residues’ active site located in a central pocket [8] having a glutamate-active (E646) site responsible for catalysis and two histidine-active (583HExxH687) sites, responsible for cofactor zinc binding [9]. Apart from pre-B cells, it is expressed by endometrial stromal cells [11], liver [12], and stomach and colon [13] cells
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