Abstract
Capsule endoscopy (CE) has been increasingly utilised in recent years as a minimally invasive tool to investigate the whole gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a range of capsules are currently available for evaluation of upper GI, small bowel, and lower GI pathology. Although CE is undoubtedly an invaluable test for the investigation of small bowel pathology, it presents considerable challenges and limitations, such as long and laborious reading times, risk of missing lesions, lack of bowel cleansing score and lack of locomotion. Artificial intelligence (AI) seems to be a promising tool that may help improve the performance metrics of CE, and consequently translate to better patient care. In the last decade, significant progress has been made to apply AI in the field of endoscopy, including CE. Although it is certain that AI will find soon its place in day-to-day endoscopy clinical practice, there are still some open questions and barriers limiting its widespread application. In this review, we provide some general information about AI, and outline recent advances in AI and CE, issues around implementation of AI in medical practice and potential future applications of AI-aided CE.
Highlights
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into many daily activities, including social networking, banking, gaming, sports betting, weather, and retail
It is generally important to know whether the capsule has not entered the jejunum after 2 h from the time of ingestion as an intervention may be needed, such as administration of a prokinetic drug. This can often be determined by experienced capsule endoscopy nurses or physicians on review of the real-time viewer, it would be certainly helpful for staff who are less familiar with interpreting the Capsule endoscopy (CE) images
Perhaps the most well-known and useful CADe/CADx application is the development of systems that can detect polyps either on selected videos or during live colonoscopy [9,10,70,71,72], and this has been implemented in clinical practice only recently
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into many daily activities, including social networking, banking, gaming, sports betting, weather, and retail. With specific regard to healthcare, AI offers a plethora of potential applications spanning detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease, prognosis prediction, and assessment of risk factors [1,2,3]. This is not a novel concept and there are relevant historical studies published even before the 1980s, for instance regarding the idea of computer-aided diagnosis [1]. In the last 20 years there has been an explosive interest in the field of AI in medicine and this is likely to change the way healthcare will be delivered in the future. In gastroenterology there has been significant progress over the last 20 years with a large and growing body of literature focusing on the role of AI in the field of endoscopy
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