Abstract

3D bio-printing involves directly depositing a mixture of high-density living cells and a bio-ink is printed out in an overlapping process by the 3D bio-printer, which is under the design and control of computer. The term bioprinting describes the simultaneous positioning of biomaterials and living cells in a prescribed layer by layer stacking organization to create engineered tissue and organs. The process of Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) is a printing method that extrudes bio inks into a yield-stress support bath that holds the bio inks in place until they cure. In-situ 3D bioprinting is a kind of bio-printing which is directly printed onto or into the damaged tissue or organ. This review specifically focuses the current development of FRESH bioprinting and in situ bioprinting and the various challenges and legal considerations in this field.

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