Robustness of noninvertible dichotomies

Abstract

We establish the robustness of exponential dichotomies for evolution families of linear operators in a Banach space, in the sense that the existence of an exponential dichotomy persists under sufficiently small linear perturbations. We note that the evolution families may come from nonautonomous differential equations involving unbounded operators. We also consider the general case of a noninvertible dynamics, thus including several classes of functional equations and partial differential equations. Moreover, we consider the general cases of nonuniform exponential dichotomies and of dichotomies that may exhibit stable and unstable behaviors with respect to arbitrary asymptotic rates $e^{c\rho(t)}$ for some function $\rho(t)$.