Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes have great potential applications in nanofiltration. However, preparing continuous and intact ZIF membranes on the surface of a substrate remains challenging. In this study, we assembled ZIF-8 nanoparticles in situ in the pores of a porous alumina substrate via a freezing-assisted counter-diffusion method. Although a continuous ZIF-8 membrane was not formed on the surface of the substrate, the obtained nano-confined composite membrane was dense enough to separate antibiotics and salt. The rejection rate of tetracycline was above 99 %, while that of sodium chloride was below 20 %, demonstrating good antibiotic desalination performance. The permeance of the ZIF-8 membrane reached 23.5 LMH/bar. Due to the nano-confined structure, the obtained ZIF-8 composite membrane was robust. Besides, polishing the surface layer did not reduce the separation performance. Moreover, sulfurizing the ZIF-8 membrane improved its stability in water. It also improved the permeance to 31.3 LMH/bar, which remained stable for 100 h. Therefore, the obtained robust ZIF-8 membrane and its derivative composite membrane fabricated via freezing-assisted counter-diffusion have great potential in antibiotic desalination.
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