Abstract
In this work, we investigate a cost-efficient strategy to implement robust online overhead transmission line monitoring for stable energy transfer in smart power grid. As a first step, we first present an analytical framework to evaluate communication performances of wireless sensor networks installed for the real-time monitoring of overhead power transmission line, wherein each tower performs fountain code (FC)-based transmission for guaranteeing transmission reliability between each tower and a substation. Then, we evaluate communication performances given in terms of successful FC-based transmission probability and its end-to-end delay for each tower. Further, our analysis helps formulate an optimization problem that aims at minimizing the total number of activated wide area network (WAN) communication modules deployed on towers(i.e., minimizing the total monetary cost required to use WAN communications), while simultaneously supporting three different types of communication quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., reliability, delay, robustness).To find the solution of the problem, we propose the Path Decision in the order of the Farthest Towers (PDFP) algorithm, which enables to find a suboptimal-solution of the problem in real-time. The key idea of PDFT algorithm is that paths (i.e., whether to use a WAN communication module) are sequentially determined in the order of towers farthest from the substation. To identify the validity of the proposed algorithm, we conduct performance evaluations with using public topological and geometrical information of an actual national power grid in Korea. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed PDFT algorithm can find towers that need to activate their WAN communication modules for guaranteeing diverse QoS requirements in real-time, as compared to an optimal-solution algorithm without significant difference in total number of activated WAN communication modules.
Highlights
S MART grid is an electric power grid that utilizes advanced information and communication technologies and ensures two-way flow of information and electricity between energy providers and consumers for the improvements of efficiency, reliability and safety [1, 2, 3]
As a smart grid component, continuous monitoring of overhead transmission lines can be crucial for dynamic thermal rating, real-time structural awareness, and precise fault location identification
Transmission towers are typically erected to support the weight of overhead transmission lines over some designed distance
Summary
S MART grid is an electric power grid that utilizes advanced information and communication technologies and ensures two-way flow of information and electricity between energy providers and consumers for the improvements of efficiency, reliability and safety [1, 2, 3]. In [10], a network architecture adopting optical fiber communications for the monitoring of power transmission lines through wireless sensors was investigated. There are existing works adopting WSN-WAN heterogeneous networks for overhead transmission line monitoring in smart power grid, there is a lack of investigation on the dynamic activation of WAN modules on towers according to a change in the time-varying link qualities between towers. Each relay collects information on transmission line monitoring from the sensors and transmits the aggregated data to another relay on a nearby tower or directly to a substation. Each time slot is fitted to transmit a packet of size Lpac, that is, Ts. For reliable data transmissions from each tower to a control center, we adopted FC-based transmission [22]. To ensure the stability of the queueing system, the service rate of a traffic flow should be larger than its arrival rate, such that
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