Abstract
Node-localization technology has been supported in the wireless sensor network (WSN) environment. Node localization is based on a few access-point (AP) nodes that comprises positioning information because they are fixed, and a beacon node that comprises unknown positioning information because it is moving. To determine the position of the unknown node, it must use two or three APs that comprise certain positioning information. There are a number of representative range-based methods, including time of arrival (TOA), weighted centroid locating algorithm, received signal strength intensity (RSSI), and time difference of arrival (TDOA) signal, that are received by the receiver. The RSSI method has its advantages. A simple device structure means that the RSSI method is easy to use. Because the structures of previous wireless local area network (LAN) technologies make them compatible with RSSI information, the RSSI method is widely used in the related area of position tracking. In addition, this algorithm has a hardware system that cannot be increased, has the advantage of the miniaturization of the node, and can wear through obstacles. This paper proposes the application of a robust ranging method that can be applied in robots and Internet of Things (IoT) using RSSI, especially in the tracing location of each nursing home patient, where the RSSI method with trilateral technique is used. This paper shows the results of the measured point from the application of the trilateral technique, and it also represents the results of the error distance between the ideal point and the measured point using computer simulation. Finally, this paper presents an estimation of localization using a real experimental device with a BLE (Bluetooth low-energy) transmitter and receiver, and beacon gateway, by applying an RSSI algorithm with the trilateral technique.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) has focused on fields such as research and business, which include information communication technology (ICT), traffic systems, military and defense systems, robot systems [1,2,3,4], and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [5,6,7,8].Among the IoT and robot technologies, one of the key technologies requires localization [9,10,11,12] of humans or robots by using sensors or other devices
There are a number of representative range-based methods, including time of arrival (TOA) [16,17,18,19], received signal strength intensity (RSSI) [20,21], weighted centroid-locating algorithm [22], time difference of arrival (TDOA) [23], angle of arrival (AOA) [24], phase of arrival (POA) [25], and so on [26]
This paper shows the result of the measured point from the application of the trilateral technique, and this paper represents the result of the error distance between the ideal point and the measured point by computer simulation
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) has focused on fields such as research and business, which include information communication technology (ICT), traffic systems, military and defense systems, robot systems [1,2,3,4], and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [5,6,7,8]. The TDOA algorithm has very accurate localization performance, especially in the outside building, and it does not require accurate clock synchronization between a transmitting and a receiving device This algorithm has some problems, for example, it is affected by multipath effects like TOA, it needs to use an ultrasonic transceiver, and it depends upon the condition of the ultrasonic wave propagation distance. A technique needs to be developed for the TDOA method to match the high precision of the time synchronizations for all of the APs. The weighted centroid-locating algorithm reflects the size of the reference node’s decision on the centroid coordinate, and uses the weighting factor to reflect the influence of each reference node on the position of the centroid, reflecting their intrinsic relationship. This paper presents an estimation of localization by an experimental device with a BLE (Bluetooth low-energy) transmitter and receiver, and a beacon gateway by applying the RSSI algorithm with the trilateral technique that is presented in computer simulation
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