Abstract
This paper introduces a robust and noise-resilient compressed domain video watermarking technique for data authentication and copyright protection. In recent years, watermarking has emerged as an essential technique to be equipped with data transmission. The main challenge pertaining to transmission is to protect the watermark from noise introduced by the channel. Here, we address this issue by watermark replication and by using the independent pass coding (INPAC) algorithm for compression. A replicated watermark is embedded into the video by the proposed blind video watermarking algorithm and then the watermarked video is compressed by the INPAC algorithm. The compressed video is transmitted through binary symmetric channels and tested under various bit error rates to evaluate the proposed algorithm in noisy environments. The results obtained suggest that the proposed algorithm is capable of handling noise efficiently and the overhead due to key embedding is observed to be only about 3%.
Highlights
The modern digital world is progressing in both positive and negative aspects
The proposed noise-resilient blind video watermarking algorithm has been tested under various spatial domain attacks and compressed domain attacks in a binary symmetric channel (BSC)
Mathematical parameters of compression ratio (CR), normalized correlation coefficient (NC), and structural similarity (SSIM) index are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm
Summary
The modern digital world is progressing in both positive and negative aspects. Positive aspects of development include progress in technologies, medical sciences, astronomy, etc. Misuse of these developments may give rise to cyber-crime, copyright tampering, data misleading, etc., corresponding to the negative aspects. Technologies such as high-speed computer networks, the Internet (World Wide Web), etc. Have seen some revolutionary changes in recent years [1,2,3] These revolutionary technologies have provided an easy access to any kind of multimedia data transmitted through a channel. These data may include all kinds of information corresponding to the public and private domain. One of the most efficient techniques for providing the proprietorship on personal data is to insert a secret watermark within the data [5, 6]
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