Abstract
Robust watermarking is a valuable methodology used in protecting the copyright and securing digital images. In this paper, new fractional-order multi-channel orthogonal exponent moments (MFrEMs) and their invariants to geometric transformations are derived for the first time. We utilized these highly accurate moments to construct a new robust watermarking algorithm for color images. This algorithm consists of three phases. First, the bits of the binary watermark scrambled by using a 1D Sine chaotic map. Second, the fractional-order MFrEMs are calculated from the host color image. Finally, a quantization process is performed, where the scrambled bits of the binary watermark embedded into the host color image. Various experiments were conducted to test the proposed watermarking algorithm and compare it with the existing robust watermarking algorithms for color images. The obtained results ensure the proposed robust watermarking algorithm's superiority over existing algorithms regarding the visual imperceptibility and robustness against various attacks.
Highlights
With the rapid advancement of color images and the widespread use of sophisticated tools for editing digital content, the door opened for various problems, such as tampering, modification, forgery of digital contents, and infringement of intellectual property rights
By using a secret key K2, P × Q coefficients MFrEMs, MFrEM, are randomly selected from the accurate coefficients set S based on the number of digital watermark bits, and the magnitudes sequence of the feature vector are obtained
Step 4: Watermark embedding The binary watermark bits embedded in the host color image modulate selected MFrEMs using the dither modulation function [10]
Summary
With the rapid advancement of color images and the widespread use of sophisticated tools for editing digital content, the door opened for various problems, such as tampering, modification, forgery of digital contents, and infringement of intellectual property rights. Ma et al [25] combined invariant accurate polar harmonic Fourier moments with chaotic mapping for robust watermarking of grey-level images These moment-based methods for image watermarking are limited to utilizing orthogonal moments of integer-orders. The authors utilized these invariant geometric moments with a Sine mapping to construct a highly accurate and robust reversible watermarking for color images. A new watermarking algorithm with high resistance ability to various attacks is proposed This algorithm utilized new fractional-order multi-channel orthogonal exponent moments (MFrEM) and Sine mapping. PROPOSED WATERMARKING SCHEME The MFrEMs are combined with a 1D Sine map to design a new watermarking algorithm for color images In this algorithm, we selected RST invariants MFrEMs magnitudes and used these selected moments to construct a robust watermark.
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