Abstract
In a device-to-device wireless multi-hop communication scenario with resource-constrained devices, the energy efficiency of communication plays a significant role in network design and operation. Based on the recently proposed Glossy network flooding approach, we introduce cooperation between transmitting nodes and formulate a robust multicast beamforming problem with imperfect channel state information (CSI) and analyze its performance. The level of cooperation is dependent on the number of limited feedback bits from receivers to transmitters. First, the impact of the number of limited feedback bits B on energy efficiency is studied, and the programming problem for finding the optimal B is formulated subject to a maximum outage constraint of 5%. Numerical simulations show that there exists an optimal number of feedback bits that maximizes energy efficiency. Second, the effect of the number of cooperating transmitters on energy efficiency is investigated. Results show that an optimum group of cooperating transmit nodes, also known as a transmit coalition, can be formed in order to maximize energy efficiency. Results show that the investigated techniques including optimum feedback bits and transmit coalition formation can achieve a 100% increase in energy efficiency when compared to the state-of-the-art Glossy under the same operation requirements in very dense networks.
Highlights
Distributed sensors are becoming an important part of our daily lives where they are utilized in many applications and diverse fields such as smart homes, environmental monitoring, emergency, and health [1, 2]
Algorithm 3 Greedy transmitter selection coalition formation (GCF) algorithm based on minimizing energy consumption and maximizing energy efficiency
We evaluate energy efficiency using robust multicast beamforming for different values of network side length in meters
Summary
Distributed sensors are becoming an important part of our daily lives where they are utilized in many applications and diverse fields such as smart homes, environmental monitoring, emergency, and health [1, 2]. Recent 5G initiatives show a clear focus on energy-efficient smart cooperative transmission protocols [3] These initiatives are partially motivated by the importance of energy efficiency in large-scale wireless networks for the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems applications [4]. We describe and analyze the performance of an algorithm that maximizes energy efficiency in cooperative network flooding by forming coalitions of transmit nodes. We analyze the effect of increasing feedback bits B and optimal coalition size to maximize energy efficiency in Sections 4 and 5, respectively. We support this analysis with simulation results presented and discussed, where we illustrate how the robust beamforming problem can be solved for applicationspecific requirements.
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