Abstract
Technological advances in the field of surgery and medicine have increased the demand for minimally invasive surgery manifold. Robot assisted surgery is gaining popularity, overcoming the flaws of laparoscopic techniques; with improved surgical precision. The conservative nature of anaesthesia care has to face the challenges with respect to patient positioning, bulkiness of the operating system and being positioned far and away from the patient. Anaesthesiologist’s commitment to be the ‘best man’ for the patient during the perioperative period mandates him to familiarise with these challenges of robot assisted surgical system and provide best possible anaesthetic care and ensure patient safety. In this article, a systematic review of the development of surgical robots and the consideration of unique anaesthetic concerns thereof have been undertaken as any new technology is known to be accompanied by its risks and technical perplexity.
Highlights
A robot is technically defined as a ‘powered, computer controlled manipulator with artificial sensing that can be reprogrammed to move and position tools to carry out a wide range of tasks’ [1]
The present day medical robotic systems originated in the United States Department of Defence to enable surgeons to have access to treat exsanguinating soldiers in the battlefield from safe distance; came the telerobotic surgery
The concept of telerobotic surgery eventually merged with laparoscopic surgery and on July 11, 2000 [4] developed into two Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved telesurgical devices: the da Vinci robotic system and the Zeus robotic surgical system
Summary
A robot is technically defined as a ‘powered, computer controlled manipulator with artificial sensing that can be reprogrammed to move and position tools to carry out a wide range of tasks’ [1]. The present day medical robotic systems originated in the United States Department of Defence to enable surgeons to have access to treat exsanguinating soldiers in the battlefield from safe distance; came the telerobotic surgery. In 1985, NASA (National Air and Space Administration) in collaboration with Stanford Research Institute developed a telemanipulator [2]. The first robotic assisted surgery was performed in 1985 to take a neurosurgical biopsy [3]. Today’s robotic systems used in surgery are basically computer assisted devices and more precisely computer enhanced telemanipulators
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