Abstract
Abstract Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions based on a 10-km 4-lane flexible pavement road were calculated for two maintenance strategies: conventional mill and fill treatments for strategy I and preventative treatments and a cold in-place recycling treatment for strategy II. Comparative calculations featured the road maintenance and use stages of a simplified life cycle assessment. The maintenance stage included the material production, mix manufacturing, and material transport that support road maintenance activities. Energy consumption and GHG emissions for maintenance activities were ∼33 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼1.6 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy I, respectively, and ∼22 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼1.4 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy II. Also calculated were the excess energy consumption and excess GHG emissions by vehicles because of road roughness, characterized by the international roughness index. These results were ∼710 GJ/lane/km/yr and 50 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy I, respectively, and ∼300 GJ/lane/km/yr and ∼21 tonnes/lane/km/yr for strategy II. Preventative road maintenance and in-place pavement recycling have the potential for environmental and economic benefits to both road builders and road users.
Published Version
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