Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, providing food for nearly half of the world population. Rice grain yields are affected by temperature changes. Temperature stresses, both low and high, affect male reproductive development, resulting in yield reduction. Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice is sterile at high temperature and fertile at low temperature conditions, facilitating hybrid production, and is a good model to study effects of temperatures on male development. Semithin sections of the anthers of a TGMS rice line under low (fertile) and high (sterile) temperature conditions showed differences starting from the dyad stage, suggesting that genes involved in male development play a role during postmeiotic microspore development. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), transcriptional profiling of TGMS rice panicles at the dyad stage revealed 232 genes showing differential expression (DEGs) in a sterile, compared to a fertile, condition. Using qRT-PCR to study expression of 20 selected DEGs using panicles of TGMS and wild type rice plants grown under low and high temperature conditions, revealed that six out of the 20 selected genes may be unique to TGMS, while the other 14 genes showed common responses to temperatures in both TGMS and wild-type rice plants. The results presented here would be useful for further investigation into molecular mechanisms controlling TGMS and rice responses to temperature alteration.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for nearly half of the world population
Results from Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis of the selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) having functional importance suggested that several DEGs from Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) panicles could be common temperatureresponsive genes for rice plants to cope with temperature alteration during male reproductive development
Expression analysis suggested that a ubiquitin-related gene (LOC _Os09g32020), one of the selected DEGs used for qRT-PCR, is a common temperature responsive gene, suggesting that this ubiquitin-related gene helps rice plants, both TGMS and wild type, to cope with temperature alteration during male reproductive development
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for nearly half of the world population. An estimate indicates that the world will have 9.3 billion people by the year 2050, while grain production has been declining [1]. Kalaiyarasi and Vaidyanathan [12] studied cytology to determine the male sterility mechanism in TGMS lines Their results indicated that pre and post meiotic genetic systems during anther development, and stamen and pistil primordial stages of panicle development, were sensitive to expression of sterility. Their RNA-Seq results showed that the temperature-responsive genes were cytochrome, heat shock protein, peroxidase and ubiquitin, while the nitrogen-responsive genes involved glutamine synthetase, amino acid transporter, pollen development and Plants 2021, 10, 663 plant hormones Their results suggested that high-nitrogen treatment may improve the gene expression levels to moderate aspects of heat stress. The results presented here would be useful for further investigation on the molecular mechanisms of rice responses to low and high temperatures, and will help understand the molecular mechanism controlling TGMS in rice
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