Abstract
Dark green islands (DGIs) surrounded by light green tissues (LGTs) are common leaf symptoms of plants that are systemically infected by various viruses that induce leaf mosaic in infected plants. The inoculation of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Nicotiana tabacum produced a commonly occurring sequence of classic patterns of DGIs and LGTs. Previous studies confirmed that there are significant differences between DGIs and LGTs in terms of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, but the mechanisms by which DGIs form remain unclear. To investigate the global gene expression changes that occur in these special tissues, individual differential gene expression tag libraries were constructed from three total RNA samples isolated from DGIs, LGTs and control plants (CK) and were sequenced using an Illumina HiSeqTM 2000. An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. These analyses revealed the differences between DGIs, LGTs and CK. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses suggested that several pathways related to photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism were enriched in DGIs compared to LGTs and CK. Several pathways related to apoptosis were significantly up-regulated in LGTs compared to DGIs. Additionally, we identified sets of DEGs that may be related to the formation or development of DGIs and LGTs. Our systematic analyses provide comprehensive transcriptomic information regarding DGIs and LGTs in CMV-infected N. tabacum. These data will help characterize the detailed mechanisms of DGI and LGT formation.
Highlights
Viruses can cause a variety of diseases in plants, and virus infection results in a range of symptoms
When N. tabacum was systemically infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Dark green islands (DGIs) formed and gave rise to symptoms that included chlorosis of the leaves surrounding discrete regions of DGIs (Fig 1A)
We used an RNA-seq and Digital gene expression (DGE) approach to investigate the gene expression changes associated with the characteristic disease tissues induced in N. tabacum by CMV
Summary
Viruses can cause a variety of diseases in plants, and virus infection results in a range of symptoms. The cells within the DGIs have been demonstrated to be free of viral RNAs and proteins Those cells are connected to infected cells in LGTs through plasmodesmata [5]. The interaction between Nicotiana tabacum and CMV provides a commonly occurring sequence of classic patterns of DGIs and LGTs as well as special tissues in successive expanded leaves at 6–10 weeks post-inoculation. An RNA-seq method was used in combination with DGE profile analysis to investigate the gene expression changes that occur in DGIs and LGTs. Our preliminary results provided new insights at the molecular and cellular levels and identified the biological events associated with the differences between DGIs and LGTs. Our preliminary results provided new insights at the molecular and cellular levels and identified the biological events associated with the differences between DGIs and LGTs This evidence may broaden our understanding of the mechanisms by which these tissues form
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