Abstract
ObjectivesTo assess the effects of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, on the mother and the infant.MethodsA multicentre cohort study was conducted in three hospitals in the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women and their babies who delivered in participating hospitals were eligible for recruitment. Data on socio-demographic characteristics in addition to the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy were collected. The cohort demographic profile was recorded and the prevalence of maternal conditions including gestational diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and obesity were estimated.FindingsThe total number of women who delivered in participating hospitals during the study period was 16,012 of which 14,568 women participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 29 ± 5.9 years and over 40% were university graduates. Most of the participants were housewives, 70% were high or middle income and 22% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Of the total cohort, 24% were married to a first cousin. More than 68% of the participants were either overweight or obese. The preterm delivery rate was 9%, while 1.5% of the deliveries were postdate. The stillbirth rate was 13/1000 live birth. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 24% and that of pre-gestational diabetes was 4.3%. The preeclampsia prevalence was 1.1%. The labour induction rate was 15.5% and the cesarean section rate was 25%.ConclusionPregnant women in Saudi Arabia have a unique demographic profile. The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in pregnancy are among the highest in the world.
Highlights
Riyadh mother and baby (RAHMA) multicenter cohort study is a hospital-based cohort study conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The total number of women who delivered in the three participating hospitals during the study period was 16,019, of which 14,568 women were eligible and consented to participate in the study, 283 women were not eligible, 321 women declined to participate, and 847 women were excluded due to missing data
The percentages of participants recruited from King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC) and King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) were 95%, 93% and 80% respectively
Summary
Riyadh mother and baby (RAHMA) multicenter cohort study is a hospital-based cohort study conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a high-income country with a per capita (Gross Domestic Product) GDP of US$ 22,713.40 in 2010. It has a well-developed health care system, which provides services for a population of over 29 million, 70% of whom are Saudi nationals. The total expenditure of the government on health care is 3.2% of the GDP, which amounts to US$ 1,004 per capita [1]. The country has a population growth of 1.49% and a fertility rate of 2.17 child born/woman. The under-25 age group constitutes 51% of the population while the over-65 group constitutes only 3.7% of the population [2]
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