Abstract
There is a dearth of information on the risk of inadequate and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) among different generations of Hispanic women in the United States. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the relationship of GWG and immigration across three generations of Hispanic women. The study was conducted using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). The study sample included 580 (unweighted count) women (148 first-generation, 117 second-generation, and 315 third-/higher-generation). Sociodemographic and immigration data were extracted from the main NLSY79 survey, and pregnancy data were extracted from the child/young adult survey following the biological children born to women in NLSY79. Covariate adjusted weighted logistic regression models were conducted to assess the risk of inadequate and excess GWG among the groups. Average total GWG was 14.98 kg, 23% had inadequate GWG, and 50% had excess GWG. After controlling for the covariates, there was no difference in the risk of inadequate GWG between the three generations. First-generation women (OR = 0.47, p = 0.039) and third-/higher-generation women (OR = 0.39, p = 0.004) had significantly lower risk of excess GWG compared to second-generation women. It is important to recognize the generational status of Hispanic women as a risk factor for excess GWG.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity prevalence rates are high among childbearing women [1,2], especially among Hispanic women [3]
According to the Kruskal–Wallis H test, there was a significant difference in the total gestational weight gain (GWG) between first-generation Hispanic women and second-generation women (χ2(1) = 5.929, p = 0.015)
Second-generation women had significantly higher rates of excess GWG compared to first generation (χ2 = 6.18, p = 0.013)
Summary
Overweight and obesity prevalence rates are high among childbearing women [1,2], especially among Hispanic women [3]. Research evidence has shown that, among Hispanic women, the rate of inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is 17–30% and the rate of excess GWG is 36–52% and that this varies by maternal origin [4,5,6,7,8]. Gaining inadequate or excess weight during pregnancy increases the health risks to both the mother and the child [9,10]. This includes gestational diabetes, hypertension, preterm deliveries, cesarean delivery, fetal growth restrictions, fetal macrosomia, large for gestational age babies, small for gestational age babies, neonatal hypoglycemia, and infant and childhood obesity [11,12,13].
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