Risk management as a factor of adaptation of tourism and hotel business enterprises to crisis conditions

Abstract

Introduction. The analysis of the situation in the field of development of the tourism industry allows us to conclude that the most acute problem that enterprise managers often face is the uncertainty and variability of the external environment and its threats, especially in the context of crisis phenomena. Both the level of prosperity of enterprises and the development of tourism in the country as a whole depend on the solution of this problem. Despite a significant number of publications devoted to the issue of risks, the specifics of the development of a risk management program in the tourism industry in the system of enterprise management strategy, as well as the issue of the methodology of their diagnosis and means of their minimization, have not been adequately covered in the literature. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of risk management as a factor in the strategy of adaptation in the context of crisis phenomena and to develop recommendations for improving the tools of risk management at enterprises of the tourism industry. The method (methodology) of research includes a number of general scientific research methods, namely: the method of theoretical generalization, the abstract-logical method, and the method of grouping; the expert method and the integral calculation method were used in the implementation of empirical research. The results. As a result of the conducted research, elements of scientific novelty were obtained, which are as follows: a list of the main threats in the activities of tourism and hotel business enterprises was formed by spheres of occurrence, taking into account the factor of physical danger that exists during military operations; the risk management system is presented in a general form, which contributes to the prevention, identification and minimization of risks in the enterprise, and is a sequence of interconnected blocks; it is substantiated that one of the main elements in the risk management system is the block of risk diagnostics; the expediency of using expert risk diagnostics for tourism industry enterprises has been proven; an expert diagnosis of the risks of the tourist enterprise was carried out, which includes the assessment of individual criteria and the calculation of an integrated risk assessment. Taking into account the above, it is proposed to develop a risk management program using the specified toolkit with elements of its adaptation to today's crisis conditions in Ukrainian realities, for more effective monitoring of the results of the program implementation, it is proposed to divide it into two stages: preliminary selection of risks and final formation of the risk management program. Given the relevance and complexity of the problem, further in-depth research is needed to find means of early prediction and prevention of risks in order to minimize their negative impact on the financial results and market position of tourism industry enterprises. It is the reduction of the threat of risks to the operation of the enterprise that will contribute to the sustainability of the development of the tourism industry in general.