PROBLEM OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN UKRAINE UNDER GLOBALIZATION

Sustainable development is the foundational principle for enhancing human and economic development while maintaining the functional integrity of ecological and social systems that support regional economies. Tourism has played a critical role in sustainable development in many countries and regions around the world. In developing countries, tourism development has been used as an important strategy for increasing economic growth, alleviating poverty, creating jobs, and improving food security. Many developing countries are in regions that are characterized by high levels of biological diversity, natural resources, and cultural heritage sites that attract international tourists whose local purchases generate income and support employment and economic development. Tourism has been associated with the principles of sustainable development because of its potential to support environmental protection and livelihoods. However, the relationship between tourism and the environment is multifaceted, as some types of tourism have been associated with negative environmental impacts, many of which are borne by host communities. The concept of sustainable tourism development emerged in contrast to mass tourism, which involves the participation of large numbers of people, often in structured or packaged tours. Mass tourism has been associated with economic leakage and dependence, along with negative environmental and social impacts. Sustainable tourism development has been promoted in various ways as a framing concept in contrast to these economic, environmental, and social impacts. Some literature has acknowledged a vagueness of the concept of sustainable tourism, which has been used to advocate for fundamentally different strategies for tourism development that may exacerbate existing conflicts between conservation and development paradigms. Tourism has played an important role in sustainable development in some countries through the development of alternative tourism models, including ecotourism, community-based tourism, pro-poor tourism, slow tourism, green tourism, and heritage tourism, among others that aim to enhance livelihoods, increase local economic growth, and provide for environmental protection. Although these models have been given significant attention among researchers, the extent of their implementation in tourism planning initiatives has been limited, superficial, or incomplete in many contexts. The sustainability of tourism as a global system is disputed among scholars. Tourism is dependent on travel, and nearly all forms of transportation require the use of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels for energy. The burning of fossil fuels for transportation generates emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change, which is fundamentally unsustainable. Tourism is also vulnerable to both localized and global shocks. Studies of the vulnerability of tourism to localized shocks include the impacts of natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and civil unrest. Studies of the vulnerability of tourism to global shocks include the impacts of climate change, economic crisis, global public health pandemics, oil price shocks, and acts of terrorism. It is clear that tourism has contributed significantly to economic development globally, but its role in sustainable development is uncertain, debatable, and potentially contradictory.

Development planning and tourism are an inseparable part of the integrated development unity in Indonesia. SDGs demands for sustainable development are a challenge in themselves. Development in Indonesia has an integrated planning system from central to regional government and from region to center. Integrating the SDG's focus as a mandatory aspect of sustainable development, tourism is included as one of the development items. This research uses qualitative methods by comparing the two regions. The concept of sustainable tourism development, namely Pro-Economic Prosperity, Pro-Environmental Sustainability, Pro-Social Justice and Pro-Environment, has not fully answered new problems such as capacity which results in a saturation point in development and change. in leadership in a democratic system for 5 years, and unforeseen circumstances such as natural disasters. Tourism development has been discussed a lot, and some things refer to new variables. This research aims is to find a new concept of sustainable development. Informants from this research used purposive sampling with the informant being the Head of Research and Development at BAPPEDA and the Head of the Tourism Development Section at the Tourism Office in two different regions, namely Batu City and Probolinggo Regency. Primary data uses interview results and secondary data uses official documents from regional organizations. This research produces three new variables in Sustainable Development, namely political sustainability, disaster preparedness, and visitor capacity as aspects that need further consideration. This variable is a new concept in the development of Public Administration Science, especially in the field of Sustainable Development.

The term «sustainable tourism development» was introduced into international circulation by the recommendations of the World Tourism Organization in the late 1980s as a systemic and holistic understanding of the multi-sectoral development of a territory carrying out tourism activities. Over the past decades, these ideas have been significantly supplemented and developed. With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 by the UN General Assembly, which are a system of 17 goals «to achieve a better future for all», a holistic concept of sustainable tourism development began to form, which in recent years has integrated ESG principles (environmental, social and corporate governance). The article contains the author’s systematization of the theoretical foundations of the emerging ESG model in tourism based on the implementation of ESG principles, as well as the results of a study of its evolutionary adaptation in individual countries of the Asia-Pacific and South African regions faced with environmental problems of unmanaged tourism development. The conducted analysis, firstly, indicates the growing importance of the ESG model application in the development of sustainable tourism as an important mechanism promoting the harmonious development of tourist destinations without harming the environment and local community; secondly, it allowed to identify the national and regional specifics of the application of the sustainable tourism concept; thirdly, it showed the priority of the environmental goals of the ESG model application in the modern conditions of development of tourist destinations in developing countries due to the emerging negative consequences of the destruction of natural systems as a result of the uncontrolled flow of tourists to most unique resort destinations. As a result of the conducted analysis, problem areas of sustainable tourism development in the regions of the North Caucasus associated with the use of the ESG model as a tool for regulating the concept of sustainable tourism development were identified, which opens up ways for the application of this concept taking into account regional specifics. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining the diversity of ways to achieve sustainable tourism development and proposes to focus not only on environmental, but also on economic and social factors when implementing ESG models.

"The purpose of the research is to analyse the state of implementation of the concept of sustainable tourism development in the Albanian legislation regulating the tourism industry. The following research methods were used in the research: logical and legal method, formal and dogmatic method, qualitative analysis method, correlation analysis method, and systematic approach. The publication highlights the main approaches to understanding the concept of sustainable tourism development both from the standpoint of international organisations (in particular, the World Tourism Organisation) and from the standpoint of theory. The research reflects a comprehensive analysis of the Law of the Republic of Albania No. 93/2015 “On tourism” with a focus on the concept of sustainable tourism development in this regulation. Particular attention in the publication is devoted to the understanding of the concept of sustainable tourism provided for in the Law of the Republic of Albania No. 93/2015 “On tourism”, and to the identification of its characteristic features. The conducted research allowed for establishing the correlation between the normative provisions of the Albanian legislation in the field of tourism and the system of key features of sustainable tourism developed in the theory of tourism development science."

Tourism has turned out to be one of the most affected areas of socioeconomic activity due to the spread of the pandemic. Restrictions on the movement of citizens practically brought down international tourism and caused serious damage to the national economies of those countries in which income from tourism activities made a significant contribution to the country's GDP. Efforts to create sustainable tourism systems have been destroyed, and the theory of sustainable tourism development itself needs to be updated. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the tourism industry, which is experiencing the deepest decline in the history of tourism development, should receive new tools necessary for its restoration and further sustainable development. The study used monographic, statistical, comparative and other methods of scientific research, which made it possible to identify and formulate the author's proposals to expand the concept of sustainable tourism development. It is quite obvious that after the pandemic, world tourism will recover, but this will be a period of tourism development completely different from the previous stages. In the course of the research, the features of tourism development in the context of the socalled new reality were investigated. It is shown that the safety of tourism in terms of compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards has become one of the important parameters in assessing the competitiveness of tourist destinations. As a result of the study, a proposal was formulated and substantiated that the concept of sustainable tourism development, in addition to economic, environmental and social components, must be supplemented with an information and communication component, as the most important attribute of the global digitalization of society.

The problems of sustainable tourism development in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the example of the northeastern regions of the region are considered in the article and it suggests ways to solve them, primarily through the rational use of immovable cultural heritage, and also provides other recommendations aimed at solving the problems. The sustainable development of civilization, country, region has long been perceived as one of the main problems facing the world community as a whole, and specific national states, their regions, etc. The international community adopted an important document "Strategies for Sustainable Development for the period up to 2030" on September 25, 2015, which is aimed at transforming the world and it will determine the direction of development at the global, regional and national levels. President of Russia V.V. Putin already in 2006, approved the "Concept of the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable development". Currently, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 474 dated 21.07.2020 "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" is in force, which defines the most important goals and solutions for the sustainable development of the country. Generally within the framework of sustainable development, the tourism and hospitality industry also needs a sustainable development strategy and this is recognized both at the international level and at the national level. Accordingly, at the international level – already in 1995, the "Agenda for the XXI century for the travel and Tourism industry" (Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry) was developed. UNESCO formulated the Concept of Sustainable Tourism Development in 2004, according to which "the norms and practices of managing sustainable tourism development can be applied to all types of tourism and to all types of destinations, including mass tourism and various niches of tourist segments." In 2013, the Global Criteria for Sustainable Tourism for Destinations (GSTC-D) were introduced, representing a set of 37 voluntary standards. This is the minimum that any tourist business should strive for in order to protect and maintain natural and cultural resources. Sustainable tourism must also necessarily meet the needs of tourists and host regions. It is in this vein that the article proposes a set of steps for a more rational use of the tourist potential of the northeast of Bashkortostan.

The article examines the role of the tourism industry in creating new jobs in the regions and increasing the welfare of the population. The multiplicative effect of the tourism industry is expressed in the active development of related sectors of the national economy. The spillover effect of tourism spending on the region’s economy can be estimated using an “input-output” model. The paper provides an algorithm for determining the impact of changes in tourism spending on gross output by industry, income and employment in the region. Studies have shown that the development of tourism in St. Petersburg leads to an uneven formation of output, income and employment in various sectors of the region’s economy. The development of the concept of sustainable tourism development should be based on an assessment of the socio-economic state and prospects for the development of the tourism industry. The methodology, which includes an assessment of the resource and throughput potential, is most fully consistent with the principles of the concept of sustainable tourism development. Application of the World Bank methodology for the development of the adjusted net savings index. It allows you to internalize the external costs of economic activity associated with negative impacts on ecosystems and public health, which are an underestimated value in models of sustainable tourism development. The combination of this methodology with traditional multifactor models for assessing the level of tourism development will allow a more targeted approach to the choice of mechanisms and objects of state regulation at the regional levels within the framework of indicative planning.

Uncontrolled development of mass tourism has led to the over-exploitation of tourism resources in a short period of time. By insisting solely on the economic effects of development, tourism has irreversibly degraded and to a certain extent ‘exhausted’ resources and attractiveness of destinations, thereby leading to their stagnation, and ultimately, to a decline in tourism activities in many destinations. By introducing the concept of sustainable tourism development, tourism analysis extends to other effects that tourism development produces in a given area, primarily the environmental, social and cultural ones. The paper analyses the achieved level of development of tourism in mountain destinations in the Republic of Serbia by using the comparative indicators of sustainable tourism applied in the EU countries. The results of the research indicate that the development of tourism in mountain destinations of the Republic of Serbia does not fully comply with sustainable development. In this respect, the paper provides specific recommendations on how to make tourism sustainable and therefore implement acceptable long-term concept of development of mountain destinations.

The concept of sustainable tourism development is derived from sustainable development. Building tourism with the framework of sustainable development has become a necessary effective way. This study examined the abstracts and titles of 1783 sustainable development and 692 sustainable tourism development related papers from 2012 to 2021 as textual data sources through the Web of Science core database. Using text mining and semantic network as analysis methods, this paper summarizes eight main clusters of sustainable development and sustainable tourism development in the past 10 years. Based on this, this paper compares the differences between the two researches and explores four potential research areas in sustainable tourism development: (1) threats to sustainability; (2) ecology and health; (3) stakeholder cooperation and roles; and (4) tourism development planning. In addition, the visual network knowledge structure intuitively captures the relationship between the different keywords in the clustering, which provides an important reference value for broadening the future research direction of sustainable tourism development.

It is undeniable that the development of the tourism industry can have both positive and negative impacts on the economic, socio-cultural and environmental sectors. In the context of Bali, development of tourism industry will certainly have impacts towards the development of tourism supporting facilities in the form of hotels, restaurants, entertainment and recreation and so on. The aims of this research are to examine the impacts of the development of the tourism industry in relation to violations of the utilisation of cliff borders by tourism entrepreneurs and the one that involves reconstruction of legal norms in accordance with the concept of sustainable tourism development. The research takes the type of empirical legal research. The results show that the existence of tourism supporting facilities on the cliff borders in turn brings about negative impacts on the environment. As a consequence, legal reconstruction is urgently needed by adding more detailed justifications related to the regulations regarding the cliff border areas. The legal reconstruction in question can be done by adding the provisions of Articles in Provincial and Regencial or Municipal Regulations, or can be executed through preparation or reconstruction of additional provisions of Articles in the Regencial or Municipal Spatial Detail Plan or through zoning regulations based on sustainable tourism development.

The concept of sustainable tourism development is set so as to satisfy the present needs of tourists, so that their impact on nature is minimized, so that future generations can satisfy their travel needs in natural preserved areas. Sustainable development is the most complex concept that can be applied to tourism. Due to its complexity, it is not possible to determine precisely the definition of sustainable development, but it can be understood as a continuous process of achieving a balanced economic, environmental and social objectives. Likewise, sustainable tourism is a goal we should strive constantly. Tourism in protected areas should be organized so as to reveal their hidden values to visitors, and that doing so does not violate the peace and harmony of the ecosystem, monuments of material culture and way of life of local communities. The aim of this study is to contribute, through experience in sustainable development of tourism in the nature park Karwendel, to establishing of a model of development of tourism in protected areas with the participation of all stakeholders. The model of ecotourism development should lead tobalance of all components of the tourism product (attractive resources, infrastructure, equipment, organization, activities and experiences). We used an analytical and synthetic methods, qualitative case study, and missing data were collected through interviews.

Mekong delta is one of the most vulnerable delta in the world to climate change. Tourism is the rising economic sector in the region and is expected as one of the sectors to contribute much to the process of economic transformation and integration. However, this sector suffers from the climate-changing process due to its impacts on tourism resources, tourism products, and tourism infrastructures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of ongoing research on the concept and application of sustainable tourism development and climate change in the Vietnamese Mekong delta. The research discusses the literature on the concept of sustainable tourism development and offers an in-depth evaluation of the correlation between tourism and climate change in the area. In reality, there is insufficient strategic planning for the tourism industry in the context of climate change. Sustainable tourism development is recommended as a vital approach for the regional tourism sector, offering long-term adaptation to climate change in the context of the Mekong delta.

Sustainability has become an important topic and concept in relation to tourism planning and development. For sustainable tourism development to be successful stakeholders must be involved in the process. The questions that should be considered though are: (1) who should be considered stakeholders in tourism development, and (2) how should planners and developers involve stakeholders in the development of tourism? In order to provide answers to these questions this paper investigated sustainable tourism development and how stakeholder inclusion and involvement are incorporated in the basic concept of sustainable tourism development. This investigation was accomplished by reviewing and drawing conclusions from the literature. The discussion includes thoughts from both management and public participation perspectives. So who should be involved in the sustainable tourism development process? Based on the definitions that are used for sustainability and sustainable tourism four distinct groups are identified; the present visitors, future visitors, present host community, and future host community.

The economic development of countries should be based on the concept of sustainability to establish a connection between economic and ecological benefits. Tourism presents a potential for the economic development of Serbia. The development of tourism should not compromise ecological, social, and cultural goals, but rather support their achievement in a balanced and sustainable manner. Such tourism development would be possible if it is based on the concept of sustainable development. In the process of developing sustainable tourism, state support through appropriate economic policy plays a significant role. Accordingly, the subject of this research is the role of tourism policy, fiscal and monetary policy in promoting the development of sustainable tourism in Serbia, aiming to determine the possibility of developing sustainable tourism with the support of economic policy. Additionally, the research aims to identify a more effective economic policy, or one that has a greater impact on the development of sustainable tourism in Serbia. The study of the impact of economic policy on the development of sustainable tourism in Serbia was conducted by forming a multiple regression model. The results indicate that tourism, fiscal, and monetary policies have a statistically significant impact on the development of sustainable tourism, following the indicators of sustainable development. Tourism and fiscal policies have a more direct impact on sustainable tourism indicators, which is why their effects are greater than those of monetary policy. The scientific contribution of this work is reflected in the significant improvement of research on the role of economic policy in the development of sustainable tourism, providing a more complex understanding of potential directions for economic policy actions in this field.

This is a research article that aims to confirm and assert that tourism development in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) aligns with the concept of sustainable tourism development, focusing specifically on the aspect of environmental protection within the regulatory policy framework. The research was conducted at both normative and implementational levels to analyze the tourism development policies in NTB, focusing on how sustainable tourism development principles manifest and meet environmental protection aspects. Thus, this work employed doctrinal-empirical research, which integrated normative legal analysis with empirical elements. The methodologies used include conceptual, statutory, and empirical approaches to discover the factual implementation of these policies. Primary data sources comprise legislation, policies, and strategic planning documents for tourism development in NTB, while secondary data include relevant academic literature and data related to policy implementation obtained from documents, archives, and evaluation reports. Data are collected and analyzed through literature and policy reviews with a descriptive-qualitative method. The findings indicated that tourism development policies and strategies in NTB province seem to align with sustainable tourism principles. However, the focus of programs, strategies, and achievement indicators remains largely on economic growth, with limited emphasis on environmental protection at the policy and action level.