Abstract
ObjectivesCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiac disease with high morbidity and mortality, and triple-vessel disease (TVD) is a severe type of CAD. This study investigated risk factors for revascularization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in TVD patients who underwent second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation.MethodsA retrospective clinical study was conducted, and 246 triple-vessel disease (TVD) patients with 373 vessels after second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation who received follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) were consequently enrolled. According to the follow-up angiography, patients were categorized into the revascularization group and nonrevascularization group as well as the in-stent restenosis (ISR) group and non-ISR group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for revascularization and ISR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under the curve (AUC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive power of these risk factors.ResultsIn the median follow-up period of 28.0 (14.0, 56.0) months, 142 TVD patients (57.7%) with 168 vessels underwent revascularization, and ISR occurred in 43 TVD patients (17.5%) with 47 vessels after second-generation DES implantation. Compared to the nonrevascularization group, the revascularization group presented with an increased rate of current smoking and higher levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, non-HDL-c, ApoB, neutrophils, and Hs-CRP as well as a longer follow-up of months but with a lower level of HDL-C. In addition, patients in the ISR group had an older age, longer follow-up (months) and elevated rates of current smoking and stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD4-5). In multivariate analysis, current smoking and higher non-HDL-c were independent risk factors for revascularization. In addition, older age, current smoking and CKD4-5 were considered independent risk factors for ISR. Importantly, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that non-HDL-C and age displayed predictive power for revascularization and ISR, respectively.ConclusionCurrent smoking is an independent risk factor for both revascularization and in-stent restenosis. Higher non-HDL-c is independently related to revascularization; moreover, increased age and CKD4-5 are potential risk factors for ISR in TVD patients after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide
Triple-vessel disease (TVD) is defined as ≥ 50% narrowing in all three major epicardial coronary arteries with or without left main coronary artery disease (LM), which is a severe type of CAD
Data collection Baseline parameters, including demographic information, risk factors related to CAD, laboratory tests, were collected before the follow-up coronary angiography (CAG)
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Triple-vessel disease (TVD) is defined as ≥ 50% narrowing in all three major epicardial coronary arteries (left anterior descending artery, LAD; left circumflex artery, LCX; right coronary artery, RCA) with or without left main coronary artery disease (LM), which is a severe type of CAD. Some studies have explored ISR risk or risk factors for revascularization in CAD patients after PCI, indicating that dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, smoking and homocysteine, vessel size and complex lesion morphology were closely associated with ISR and revascularization [5,6,7,8]. Little is known about the risk factors for revascularization and ISR in TVD patients after second-generation DES implantation. We conducted this study to investigate the risk factors in these patients
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