Risk factors for partial and total loss of limbal stem cells

Abstract

Introduction: In certain pathological conditions limbal stem cells are unable to function adequately - to proliferate and differentiate through their inferior capabilities to maintain corneal integrity. They are either reduced in number or have abnormal cell function. This condition is known as limbal stem cell deficiency. Depending on its severity, limb stem cell deficiency is divided into partial (sectoral) and total diffuse. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors for limbal stem cell deficiency. Material and M ethods: The study included 64 patients with LSC deficiency and the risk factors for setting in and progression of the disease were evaluated using a questionnaire and clinical trials. The results were processed with SPSS v. 20 for Windows, using variation, comparative and correlation analyses, and risk assessment analysis (RR). Results and D iscussion: As a primary risk factor wearing contact lenses that have a moderate dependence (r = 0.455; p <0.001) and carry a high risk of developing mild LSC (limbal stem cell) deficiency (RR = 13.85 (2.65 - 72.46)) stands out. A major risk factor for patients with moderate LSC deficiency are penetrating injuries that have a moderate dependence (r = 0.475; p <0.001) and significantly higher risk (RR = 15.37 (2.92 - 81.01)). In the severe form of LSC deficiency the major risk factors are chemical and thermal burns that have a significant correlation (r = 0.525; p <0.001) with severe LSC deficiency and carry an extremely high risk (RR = 12.35 (3.43 - 44.53) ) of occurring. Conclusion: The major risk factors for total limbal stem cell loss are chemical burns and injuries, and risk factors for partial loss are iatrogenic factors and the dry eye syndrome.