Risk factors for failure in treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB): Study from a rural medical college hospital in south India

Abstract

Background: In Ethiopia, due to exacerbation of HIV/AIDS, uberculosis has become a major public health burden. The aim f this study was to assess TB and HIV co-infection among patients ho attended TB clinic during September 2009 to August 2010 in elege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design conucted at Felege Hiwot referral hospital from May 26 to June 05, 011. A one-year data from the patient’s registry was collected sing a check list which prepared to fit with registry and checked or completeness during data collection period. Data entry and staistical analysis was made using Epi Info 3.5.3. Results: A total of 606 TB cases and 24 deaths were reported uring 2009-2010. The CFR was 4%. Males constituted 61.1% (370) nd the median age was 24 years. Thirty three percent (159) of B cases were positive for HIV antibody. TB-HIV co-infection in emales and males was 39.1% (74) and 29.8% (85) respectively. PTB constituted 48.0% (291) of the total tuberculosis cases and 0.1% (82) PTB sputum smear -ve cases were positive for HIV. The ale-female ratio of PTB and EPTB was 1.42 and 1.64 respectively. ulmonary TB smear positivity has an association with HIV status OR=0.48, P-value =0.041). But type of tuberculosis by site of infecion, (OR= 1.41, P-value =0.075), age (OR= 1.26, P-value =0.37), sex OR=0.66, P-value =0.41) and residence (OR= 0.66, P-value =0.41) id not show statistical significant association with HIV status. The ikely hood of dying among TB-HIV co-infected cases had 9.3 times ore risk of dying than from those who had only tuberculosis OR=9.3, p-value =<0.001). Conclusion: The TB-HIV co-infection rate and the case fatality mong all TB cases was 33.5% and 4% respectively. The trend of TBIV and tuberculosis cases not declining and significant numbers f cases were also left with unknown HIV status. Therefore, couneling and testing of all TB cases should be strengthened in order o maximize health care and survival.