Risk Factors for CAD Among the Patients with Ischemie Heart Disease- A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an impairment of heart function due to inadequate blood flow to the heart compared to its needs, caused by obstructive changes in the coronary circulation to the heart. It is a common multifarious public health crisis today and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Objective: To analyses the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) for patients with ischemia heart disease. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Cardiology, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2022. Total 150 with acute coronary syndrome or coronary angiographic or Electrocardiography evidence of ischemic heart disease. Risk factors studied were the conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease- hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and family history of coronary artery disease Data are collected from the patients, old medical records, Clinical Examination and Laboratory results of the patients were analyzed for the study. Results: A total of 100 (66.6%) patients in the study gave a positive family history for CAD. Based on the blood 'pressure monitoring, the patients were classified according to JNC 7 (reviewed) classification for hypertension as normotensive 78 (78.0%), pre-hypertensive 4(4.0%), stage 1 hypertension was found in 18 patients (18.0%). There was no gender difference noted in the occurrence of hypertension. From the study, diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (79%) and dyslipidemia (71%) are the major risk factor for Coronary artery disease as only a minority of the study population had hypertension or gives a history of cigarette smoking. 57% of the study population had a family history of coronary artery disease. Among the studied population, 55% of females are with increased BMI, whereas only 16% of males with CAD were with BMI above 30. Conclusion: Among diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are the major Risk factor for Coronary artery disease. So early detection of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia and proper treatment of both, before developing the end organ damage, play a vital role for the prevention of coronary artery disease.