Risk factors and Complications associated with Tuberculosis: Case series

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern globally, with a disproportionate burden on females, particularly in India. This case series analysis explores the challenges and complications faced by 3 deceased females with TB, underscoring the need for tailored interventions. Methods: We present three cases of Indian females diagnosed with TB at an advanced stage. All patients shared common attributes, including low body mass index (BMI), advanced disease, immunocompromised status, and delayed diagnosis. Clinical data, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: Patients were diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but they exhibited poor prognostic factors such as hypoalbuminemia and anemia. Delayed diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment, coupled with the presence of comorbidities, and paucity of finances contributed to the disease severity and complications leading to death. Conclusion: Indian females with TB encounter multifaceted challenges, delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation, coupled with the presence of comorbidities complicates the clinical course and severity. Early case detection, prompt initiation of appropriate treatment and managing health by targeting interventions that tackle socioeconomic determinants and gender-specific barriers, and prioritization of personal health over family needs will lead to improved treatment outcomes and a reduced overall disease burden.