Risk factor analysis of acute kidney injury after orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract

Objective To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 127 patients who underwent OLT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to December 2015 were collected. Of 127 patients, 24 were complicated with postoperative AKI, including 17 in grade 1, 5 in grade 2 and 2 in grade 3, and 103 were not complicated with AKI. AKI after OLT was treated according to the diagnostic criteria of AKI from 2012 guidelines of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Observation indicators: (1) risk factors analysis affecting AKI after OLT; (2) comparison of postoperative recovery in patients with different AKI grade; (3) follow-up and survival situations. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed up to July 2017. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s, and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Univariate analysis was done using the t test and rank sum test. Comparisons of count data and univariate analysis were done using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Multivariate analysis was done using the logistic regression model. The survival rate and curve were respectively calculated and drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results (1) Risk factors analysis affecting AKI after OLT: results of univariate analysis showed that age, combined hypertension, preoperative Child-Pugh score, preoperative model for end-stage liver disease score (MELD), preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative serum albumin, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, preoperative glomerular filtration rate, preoperative prothrombin time, operation time, inferior vena cava occlusion time, duration of anhepatic phase, volume of intraoperative blood loss, total volume of intraoperative blood transfusion, volumes of intraoperative plasma and red blood cells transfusion, duration of postoperative ICU stay, use time of postoperative vasoactive drugs, time of postoperative mechanical ventilation, cases with postoperative infection, body mass index of donor and donor liver cold-ischemia time were related factors affecting occurrence of AKI after OLT (t=4.154, χ2= 8.482, t=5.129, 3.694, 1.294, 9.223, 5.418, Z=4.287, t=2.105, 5.168, 8.182, 10.042, Z=1.074, 0.664, 6.274, 3.712, 1.289, t=1.056, χ2=10.617, t=2.447, 3.371, 1.476, P 0.05). Conclusion Age, preoperative MELD score, preoperative serum albumin, volume of intraoperative blood loss and donor liver cold-ischemia time are independent factors affecting occurrence of AKI after OLT, and there is better recovery in patients with grade 1 of AKI. Key words: Hepatic neoplasms; Liver cirrhosis; Liver transplantation, orthotopic; Acute kidney injury; Risk factors; Prognosis