Risk-Benefit Assessment of Consumption of Rice for Adult Men in China.

Haiqin Fang,Aidong Liu,Feng Pan,Sofie Theresa Thomsen,Quantao Zhang,Shengjie Zhang,Tongwei Zhang,Yufeng Cui,Lea S Jakobsen,Sara M Pires

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.694370

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the health impact of current and alternative patterns of rice consumption in Chinese adult men (40–79 years of age).Methods: We applied a risk–benefit assessment (RBA) model that took into account the health effects of selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and inorganic arsenic (i-As). The health effects included the prevention of prostate cancer associated with exposure to Se, and an increased risk of lung, bladder, and skin cancer for i-As and chronic kidney disease (CKD) for Cd. We defined the baseline scenario (BS) as the current individual mean daily consumption of rice in the population of interest and two alternative scenarios (AS): AS1 = 50 g/day and AS2 = 200 g/day. We estimated the health impact for different age groups in terms of change in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (ΔDALY).Results: The BS of rice consumption was 71.5–105.4 g/day in different age groups of adult men in China. We estimated that for AS1, the mean ΔDALY was −2.76 to 46.2/100,000 adult men of 40–79 years old. For AS2, the mean ΔDALY was 41.3 to 130.8/100,000 individuals in this population group.Conclusion: Our results showed that, based on associated exposure to selenium, cadmium, and i-As in rice, the current consumption of rice does not pose a risk to adult men in China. Also, a lower (50 g/day) or higher (200 g/day) rice consumption will not bring larger beneficial effects.

Highlights

Rice is the dominant staple food for over half of the population of the world, in African and Asian developing countries [1]
Hg was not included in this study, because it has been reported that the average intake of both total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) for Chinese residents is far below the corresponding PTWI
We focused our analysis on adult men older than 40 years because the evidence of the beneficial effects of Se was based on this population group

Summary

Introduction

Rice is the dominant staple food for over half of the population of the world, in African and Asian developing countries [1]. It is the second largest produced crop in the world, and China is the largest rice producer, with 27% of the global production in 2013 [2]. The “Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016,” which are used as the cornerstone for nutrition guidelines of China, recommend a diet based on grains. They recommend a daily individual intake of cereals of 250–400 g. The consumption of rice for urban residents has dropped from 257 g/day in 1991 to 177 g/day in 2011 [4, 5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion