Abstract
The various biological and molecular cascades including different stages or phases such as inflammation, tissue proliferation, and remodeling phases, which significantly define the wound healing process. The natural matrix system is suggested to increase and sustain these cascades. Biocompatible biopolymers, sodium alginate and gelatin, and a drug (Rifampicin) were used for the preparation of fibers into a physical crosslinking solution using extrusion-gelation. The formed fibers were then loaded in transdermal films for wound healing applications. Rifampicin, an antibiotic, antibacterial agent was incorporated into fibers and afterwards the fibers were loaded into transdermal films. Initially, rifampicin fibers were developed using biopolymers including alginate and gelatin, and were further loaded into polymeric matrix which led to the formation of transdermal films. The transdermal films were coded as TF1, TF2, TF3 and TF4.The characterization technique, FTIR, was used to describe molecular transitions within fibers, transdermal films, and was further corroborated using SEM and XRD. In mechanical properties, the parameters, such as tensile strength and elongation-at-break (extensibility), were found to be ranged between 2.32 ± 0.45 N/mm2 to 14.32 ± 0.98 N/mm2 and 15.2% ± 0.98% to 30.54% ± 1.08%. The morphological analysis firmed the development of fibers and fiber-loaded transdermal films. Additionally, physical evaluation such as water uptake study, water transmission rate, swelling index, moisture content, and moisture uptake study were executed to describe comparative interpretation of the formulations developed. In vivo studies were executed using a full thickness cutaneous wound healing model, the transdermal films developed showed higher degree of contraction, i.e., 98.85% ± 4.04% as compared to marketed formulation (Povidone). The fiber-in-film is a promising delivery system for loading therapeutic agents for effective wound care management.
Highlights
Within the epithelial structure of the skin, a wound is a discontinuity, a disruption of the structure and function of underlying skin tissue
The weight of the various film batches ranged from 0.043 ± 0.007 g to 0.472 ± 0.08 g, which reveals that Tohf einzhoinbeitoiof ninohfibtirtaionnsdoef rtmranalsdfielrmm(aTl Ffi4lm) (TF4) comprised of fibers weights were relatively higher
Dong et al reported that alginate gelatin blended films showed higher value of tensile strength and % elongation at break, the results indicated that blending of the polymers were relatively efficacious in improving the mechanical properties [28]
Summary
Within the epithelial structure of the skin, a wound is a discontinuity, a disruption of the structure and function of underlying skin tissue. Wound exudates are absorbed by the fiber-loaded transdermal films Various biopolymers, such as sodium alginate, gelatin, chitosan, collagen, and silk fibroins, are used for the development of suitable carrier system in wound healing applications and drug delivery [16,17]. A biopolymer; has been preferred due to its high biocompatibility, reduced toxicity and cost, as well as moderate gelation property by incorporation of cationic divalent (Ca2+) It is an anionic polymer (natural origin), usually extracted from brown seaweed, and has been reported to be an extensively utilized polymer for biomedical applications and tissue engineering applications [18]. The fibers loaded transdermal films displayed an intricate molecular interaction profile, provided an irregular drug release mechanism, and improved wound healing compared to marketed formulation (Povidone)
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