Riesgo cardiovascular

Abstract

ConceptArteriosclerosis is a systemic, progressive and silent disease that is associated with potentially modifiable life habits and conditions, which are known as cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs). ClassificationWe have identified 6 main CRFs: nicotine addiction, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, increased blood pressure and increased plasma lipid concentrations. However, the role of other variables (genetic and molecular) is being investigated to explain why some patients develop cardiovascular disease despite having the abovementioned CRFs under control. EpidemiologyCardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increasing due to the increase in diabetes and obesity and to the scarce implementation of control measures for this pandemic. Prognostic factorsIt is important to learn to estimate the overall cardiovascular risk. The most widely used model for this calculation is the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Prevention strategiesOnce the cardiovascular risk has been established, the therapeutic objectives need to be established to control all CRFs synergistically and appropriately. Patients with a higher risk should undergo earlier and more intensive interventions; however, we should also proceed to detect subclinical atherosclerosis with noninvasive techniques in individuals with vascular risk near the decision threshold.