Abstract
Herein, natural fiber (energy reeds and rice straw) reinforced with phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymeric resin biocomposites are developed and reported in this study. The dimensions of energy reeds and rice straws used for this research were 0.5–1.66 mm and 0.1–3.55 mm, respectively. The hot-pressing technology was used for manufacturing the biocomposites. The proportions for mixing of rice straw/energy reed fibers in composite systems were 90/0, 54/36, 36/54, and 0/90 whereas remaining 10% were belong to PF resin. The nominal densities of the biocomposite panels were 680 kg/m3, however the actual densities were 713.655, 725, 742.79, and 764.49 kg/m3. The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers using PF resin and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production. The obtained results demonstrate that mechanical properties and stability against the moisture increases with the increase of energy reeds loading in the composite systems. The biocomposite developed from 100% energy reeds provided the higher mechanical properties compared to 100% rice straw. The thermal and morphological properties of the produced biocomposite materials were investigated and found significant. The thermo-mechanical properties of the composite materials increase with the increase in energy reed fiber loading in composite system. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (R2) also demonstrates a positive attributions of energy reed fibers loading in composite systems. Moreover, the overall performances of the developed biocomposite panels demonstrate them as potential and novel candidate to the composite community in the coming times.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Sustainable biobased materials are getting attentions throughout the globe continuously to minimize the burdens from environment
The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers using phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production
It is observed that with the increase of energy reed fibers in the composite systems, density started to increase whereas highest value was found for 100% energy reeds reinforced composite whilst the lowest value was noticed for rice straw reinforced composite panels
Summary
Sustainable biobased materials are getting attentions throughout the globe continuously to minimize the burdens from environment. The plenty of plantbased materials are getting extensive attentions as they are considered as the most common, prominent, and renewable sources of raw materials available everywhere (Fuqua et al 2012; Gallos et al 2017; Hasan et al 2021a; Jagadeesh et al 2020; Ma et al 2014; Mahmud et al 2021; Matsuzaki 2016; Mokhothu and John 2017; Ramamoorthy et al 2015; Rangappa et al 2020; Sanjay and Siengchin 2021; Shubhra 2010; Thyavihalli Girijappa et al 2019; Wang et al 2015; Xia 2016). Still the research on hybrid composites development through utilizing energy reeds available in central Europe and rice straws are not studied yet to make them usable as a prominent biocomposite material
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