Abstract
SUMMARYResearch backgroundDue to the lack of nitrogen in honey, fermentation of honey must is limited or delayed, in addition to stimulating the production of unpleasant sensory compounds, such as sulfur derivatives. The use of natural supplements has been investigated as low-cost alternatives mainly to correct the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must in mead production.Experimental approachInitially, the physicochemical characterization of the rice bran and soybean meal extracts was carried out. The fermentation of three yeasts (Saccharomyces bayanus Premier Blanc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Montrachet and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safbrew T-58) in honey must supplemented with 30 g/L rice bran or soybean meal extracts was evaluated. The trials were compared with the fermentations of the must with commercial supplement (30 g/L) and the control trials. Fermentations were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing honey must with supplements, inoculated with 106 cell/mL yeast and incubated at 30 °C for 264 h.Results and conclusionsThere was significant difference in the evaluated properties of the extracts, with the exception of reducing sugars. The fermentations with soybean meal extract reached the highest cell concentrations, as well as the largest consumption of glucose, fructose and ethanol. The glycerol concentrations slightly increased when soybean meal extract and commercial supplement were used. The highest concentrations of succinic and acetic acids were registered in the control trials produced by Saccharomyces strains Premier Blanc, Montrachet and Safbrew T-58. Formic and lactic acids were not produced. Results showed that the extracts can be used as low-cost alternatives for correcting the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must since their effect was similar to that of synthetic supplement.Novelty and scientific contributionThe use of low-cost, unconventional supplements such as those used in this work, in addition to reducing the cost of the process by reducing fermentation time and providing nutrients needed to improve yeast metabolism, prevents the formation of undesirable compounds in the beverage due to prolonged fermentation time. It also makes it possible to add value to industrial by-products. Unconventional supplements have still been little tested in mead production.
Highlights
Mead is a drink obtained from the alcoholic fermentation of honey diluted by the action of yeast [1], whose production is not standardized, and, winemaking techniques and ingredients are frequently used in its production [2]
The largest concentrations of succinic and acetic acids were registered in the control trials produced by SbPB, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Montrachet (ScM) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safbrew T-58 (ScST58)
Results showed that the extracts can be used as low-cost alternatives for correcting the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must since they presented results similar to the synthetic supplement
Summary
Mead is a drink obtained from the alcoholic fermentation of honey diluted by the action of yeast [1], whose production is not standardized, and, winemaking techniques and ingredients are frequently used in its production [2]. There are several studies that aim to optimize and standardize the process of mead making from the selection of the type of honey [3], fermentation agent [4] cell concentration [5], process conditions [6] and supplements [6, 7]. According to Sridee et al [14], the use of low-cost nitrogen sources to replace supplements, such as peptone and yeast extract has been continuously investigated, there are still few studies in the mead production. Rice bran and soybean meal are examples of by-products widely used as supplements to obtain compounds of industrial interest [10]
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