Rice Husk Templated Mesoporous ZnO Nanostructures for Ethanol Sensing at Room Temperature

Abstract

Mesoporous zinc oxide nanostructures are successfully synthesized via the sol-gel route by using a rice husk as the template for ethanol sensing at room temperature. The structure and morphology of the nanostructures are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analyses. The mechanism for the growth of zinc oxide nanostructures over the biotemplate is proposed. SEM and TEM observations also reveal the formation of spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles over the interwoven fibrous network. Multiple sized pores having pore diameter ranging from 10–40 nm is also evidenced from the pore size distribution plot. The larger surface area and porous nature of the material lead to high sensitivity (40.93% for 300 ppm of ethanol), quick response (42 s) and recovery (40 s) towards ethanol at 300 K. The porous nature of the interwoven fibre-like network affords mass transportation of ethanol vapor, which results in faster surface accessibility, and hence it acts as a potential candidate for ethanol sensing at room temperature.