Rice Bran Reduces Weight Gain and Modulates Lipid Metabolism in Rats with High-Energy-Diet-Induced Obesity

Yang Yang,Hsu Hsu,Shirakawa Shirakawa,Budijanto Budijanto,Wu Wu,Ng Ng,Lee Lee,Huang Huang,Tung Tung,Yeh Yeh

doi:10.3390/nu11092033

Abstract

Obesity has become an epidemic worldwide. It is a complex metabolic disorder associated with many serious complications and high morbidity. Rice bran is a nutrient-dense by product of the rice milling process. Asia has the world’s highest rice production (90% of the world’s rice production); therefore, rice bran is inexpensive in Asian countries. Moreover, the high nutritional value of the rice bran suggests its potential as a food supplement promoting health improvements, such as enhancing brain function, lowering blood pressure, and regulating pancreatic secretion. The present study evaluated the anti-obesity effect of rice bran in rats with high-energy diet (HED)-induced obesity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of five diet groups (n = 10 per group) and fed the following for eight weeks: Normal diet with vehicle treatment, HED with vehicle, rice bran-0.5X (RB-0.5X) (2% wt/wt rice bran), RB-1.0X (4% wt/wt rice bran), and RB-2.0X (8% wt/wt rice bran). Rice bran (RB-1.0X and RB-2.0X groups) markedly reduced obesity, including body weight and adipocyte size. In addition, treating rats with HED-induced obesity using rice bran significantly reduced the serum uric acid and glucose as well as the liver triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Furthermore, administration of an HED to obese rats significantly affected hepatic lipid homeostasis by increasing phosphotidylcholine (PC; 18:2/22:6), diacylglycerol (DG; 18:2/16:0), DG (18:2/18:1), DG (18:1/16:0), cholesteryl ester (CE; 20:5), CE (28:2), TG (18:0/16:0/18:3), and glycerol-1-2-hexadecanoate 3-octadecanoate. However, the rice bran treatment demonstrated an anti-adiposity effect by partially reducing the HED-induced DG (18:2/18:1) and TG (18:0/16:0/18:3) increases in obese rats. In conclusion, rice bran could act as an anti-obesity supplement in rats, as demonstrated by partially reducing the HED-induced DG and TG increases in obese rats, and thus limit the metabolic diseases associated with obesity and the accumulation of body fat and hepatic lipids in rats.

Highlights

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide
We investigated the anti-obesity effect of rice bran (RB) through an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) in diet-induced-obesity rat models by determining the serum lipid profiles
The results indicate that the RB-0.5X, RB-1.0X, and RB-2.0X intervention reduced the high-energy diet (HED)-induced adiposity

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide. Obesity is a serious global health problem leading to many health complications, such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, reproductive and gastrointestinal cancers, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, and gallstones [2,3]. Most of the approved and marketed anti-obesity drugs have been withdrawn due to serious side effects [4,5,6]. Natural products such as anti-obesity agents are indispensable for combating obesity. Due to its nutritional value, it can be used as a health food supplement that improves brain function, lowers blood pressure and cholesterol concentration, and regulates pancreatic secretion [12,13]

Methods

Results

Conclusion