Abstract
Most ribosomal antibiotics obstruct distinct ribosomal functions. In selected cases, in addition to paralyzing vital ribosomal tasks, some ribosomal antibiotics are involved in cellular regulation. Owing to the global rapid increase in the appearance of multi-drug resistance in pathogenic bacterial strains, and to the extremely slow progress in developing new antibiotics worldwide, it seems that, in addition to the traditional attempts at improving current antibiotics and the intensive screening for additional natural compounds, this field should undergo substantial conceptual revision. Here, we highlight several contemporary issues, including challenging the common preference of broad-range antibiotics; the marginal attention to alterations in the microbiome population resulting from antibiotics usage, and the insufficient awareness of ecological and environmental aspects of antibiotics usage. We also highlight recent advances in the identification of species-specific structural motifs that may be exploited for the design and the creation of novel, environmental friendly, degradable, antibiotic types, with a better distinction between pathogens and useful bacterial species in the microbiome. Thus, these studies are leading towards the design of “pathogen-specific antibiotics,” in contrast to the current preference of broad range antibiotics, partially because it requires significant efforts in speeding up the discovery of the unique species motifs as well as the clinical pathogen identification.
Highlights
The severe increase in antibiotic resistance and cross-resistance among pathogenic bacterial strains presents a significant health threat
The crystallographic structural information provided valuable insights into the common mechanisms of antibiotic function, information provided valuable insights into the common mechanisms of antibiotic function, resistance, resistance, and selectivity that are shared by most of the clinically relevant bacteria, but did not show and selectivity that are shared by most of the clinically relevant bacteria, but did not show the minor the minor structural differences between different pathogenic bacteria [18] that may be exploited for structural differences between different pathogenic bacteria [18] that may be exploited for addressing addressing species-specific significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility
Erythromycin, the first ribosomal antibiotic drug that was used in clinical therapy, and the Erythromycin, the first ribosomal antibiotic that was used
Summary
The severe increase in antibiotic resistance and cross-resistance among pathogenic bacterial strains presents a significant health threat. Antibiotic resistance genes have produced by microorganisms to aid their struggle for resources. Protein biosynthesis biosynthesis is aa key key life life process process in in all all organisms; organisms; it is targeted targeted by many many antibiotics This process, namely, the translation of the genetic code, involves decoding the genetic antibiotics. Ribosomes, the the universal universal flexible flexible and and dynamic dynamic giant giant multi-protein-RNA assemblies, perform both tasks in all living cells, including pathogenic bacteria. They are are built built of of two two structurally structurally independent independent riboprotein riboprotein subunits subunits that that associate associate upon upon initiation initiation of of protein protein biosynthesis.
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