Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem in Nigeria. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of Curcuma domestica in alloxam induced diabetes in albino wistar rats. In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria the rhizome of Curcuma domestia is used in traditional medicine to expel worms from the gastrointestinal tract, relieve indigestion and frequent urination. It is also used to treat skin diseases, pains in the joints, knee, hips and spine. Rhizome of C. domestica was extracted using the cold solvent process. Diabetes was induced in rats and initial glucose level taken before the extract was administered and metformin also to the test animals. Blood glucose was obtained from the tail vein of the test animals in 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days post administration, respectively. The blood glucose level was determined using a fine test glucometer. However, phytochemical screening and Chromatographic separation of the extract were carried out. The result revealed that the methanol extract of Curcuma domestica contained alkaloid, tannin, coumarin, flavonoid, terpenes, phenol, reducing sugar, and LD50 was 500 mg/kg. The result also revealed that at a dose level of 150 mg/kg the extract significantly (p < 0 05) reduced the mean fasting glucose level from 241 ± 0.33 mg/dl (day 0) to 56 ± 0.31 mg/dl (day 7). The column chromatography gave 80 eluates. Eluates 49 – 67 gave the same Rf value of 0.50 and was light brown in colour under UV light (254 nm). The anti-diabetic property of Curcuma domestica is believed to be due to the presence of bioactive bioactive constituents of the plant observed during phytochemical screening may be responsible for the anti-diabetic activity of the Curcuma domestica extract.
Highlights
When we eat food that contains carbohydrate, the food digest to form glucose
When insulin is lacking in the body, glucose will accumulate in the body
Alloxan monohydrate (Sigma Aldrich, Germany), was used to cause pharmacological diabetes to confirm the effectiveness of methanol extracts of C. domestica in experimental diabetic conditions
Summary
When we eat food that contains carbohydrate, the food digest to form glucose. The glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin into the blood. This is because the immune system of the body mistakenly destroys the β-cells of the pancreas that produce the insulin This condition of self- destruction is called autoimmune disease. Statement of Research problem This study was designed to screen and characterize phytochemicals from rhizome extract of Curcuma domestica It is aimed at evaluating the effect of Curcuma domestica on Alloxan induced diabetic albino rat. Medicinal uses In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, the rhizome of Curcuma domestica is used to treat jauandice, skin diseases, pains in the joints, knee, hips and spine. It relieves indigestion, increases bile flow, prevents blood clotting, cholesterol formation, gall stone and expels worms from the gastro intestinal tract. Rhizome of Curcuma domestica was found to have potential effect in controlling osteoarthritis, inflammation, thrombosis, oxidative stress and microbial activities [9]
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